9129767 EW3V3PSJ 1 apa 50 date desc year Benmarhnia 18 https://tbenmarhnia.scrippsprofiles.ucsd.edu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A150%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22SLEJUWAZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Batomen%20and%20Benmarhnia%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-10-13%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBatomen%2C%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282024%29.%20Staggered%20interventions%20with%20no%20control%20groups.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Journal%20of%20Epidemiology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E53%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%20dyae137.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fije%5C%2Fdyae137%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fije%5C%2Fdyae137%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Staggered%20interventions%20with%20no%20control%20groups%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brice%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Batomen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20limitations%20of%20the%20two-way%20fixed%20effects%20for%20the%20impact%20evaluation%20of%20interventions%20that%20occur%20at%20different%20times%20for%20each%20group%20have%20meant%20that%20%5Cu2018staggered%20interventions%5Cu2019%20have%20been%20highlighted%20in%20recent%20years%20in%20the%20econometric%20literature%20and%2C%20more%20recently%2C%20in%20epidemiology.%20Although%20many%20alternative%20strategies%20%28such%20as%20staggered%20difference-in-differences%29%20have%20been%20proposed%2C%20the%20focus%20has%20predominantly%20been%20on%20scenarios%20in%20which%20one%20or%20more%20control%20groups%20are%20available.%20However%2C%20control%20groups%20are%20often%20unavailable%2C%20due%20to%20limitations%20in%20the%20available%20data%20or%20because%20all%20units%20eventually%20receive%20the%20intervention.%20In%20this%20context%2C%20interrupted%20time%20series%20%28ITS%29%20designs%20can%20constitute%20an%20appropriate%20alternative.%20The%20extent%20to%20which%20common%20model%20specifications%20for%20ITS%20analyses%20are%20limited%20in%20the%20case%20of%20staggered%20interventions%20remains%20an%20underexplored%20area%20in%20the%20methodological%20literature.%20In%20this%20work%2C%20we%20aim%20to%20demonstrate%20that%20standard%20ITS%20model%20specifications%20typically%20yield%20biased%20results%20for%20staggered%20interventions%20and%20we%20propose%20alternative%20model%20specifications%20that%20were%20inspired%20by%20recent%20developments%20in%20the%20difference-in-differences%20literature%20to%20propose%20adapted%20analytical%20strategies.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-10-13%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fije%5C%2Fdyae137%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220300-5771%2C%201464-3685%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facademic.oup.com%5C%2Fije%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fije%5C%2Fdyae137%5C%2F7822166%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-22T17%3A53%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KFENNJCG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Garber%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-09-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGarber%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Teyton%2C%20A.%2C%20Jankowska%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20Carrasco-Escobar%2C%20G.%2C%20Rojas-Rueda%2C%20D.%2C%20Barja-Ingaruca%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282024%29.%20Is%20home%20where%20the%20heat%20is%3F%20comparing%20residence-based%20with%20mobility-based%20measures%20of%20heat%20exposure%20in%20San%20Diego%2C%20California.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Exposure%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Environmental%20Epidemiology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41370-024-00715-5%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41370-024-00715-5%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Is%20home%20where%20the%20heat%20is%3F%20comparing%20residence-based%20with%20mobility-based%20measures%20of%20heat%20exposure%20in%20San%20Diego%2C%20California%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%5Cu00efs%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Teyton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marta%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jankowska%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carrasco-Escobar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rojas-Rueda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Antony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barja-Ingaruca%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Background%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Heat%20can%20vary%20spatially%20within%20an%20urban%20area.%20Individual-level%20heat%20exposure%20may%20thus%20depend%20on%20an%20individual%5Cu2019s%20day-to-day%20travel%20patterns%20%28also%20called%20mobility%20patterns%20or%20activity%20space%29%2C%20yet%20heat%20exposure%20is%20commonly%20measured%20based%20on%20place%20of%20residence.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Objective%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20compared%20measures%20assessing%20exposure%20to%20two%20heat%20indicators%20using%20place%20of%20residence%20with%20those%20defined%20considering%20participants%5Cu2019%20day-to-day%20mobility%20patterns.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Methods%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Participants%20%28%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20n%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu2009599%3B%20aged%2035-80%20years%20old%20%5Bmean%20%3D59%20years%5D%29%20from%20San%20Diego%20County%2C%20California%20wore%20a%20GPS%20device%20to%20measure%20their%20day-to-day%20travel%20over%2014-day%20intervals%20between%202014-10-17%20and%202017-10-06.%20We%20measured%20exposure%20to%20two%20heat%20indicators%20%28land-surface%20temperature%20%5BLST%5D%20and%20air%20temperature%29%20using%20an%20approach%20considering%20their%20mobility%20patterns%20and%20an%20approach%20considering%20only%20their%20place%20of%20residence.%20We%20compared%20participant%20mean%20and%20maximum%20exposure%20values%20from%20each%20method%20for%20each%20indicator.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Results%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20overall%20mobility-based%20mean%20LST%20exposure%20%2834.7%5Cu2009%5Cu00b0C%29%20was%20almost%20equivalent%20to%20the%20corresponding%20residence-based%20mean%20%2834.8%5Cu2009%5Cu00b0C%3B%20mean%20difference%20in%20means%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu2009%5Cu22120.09%5Cu2009%5Cu00b0C%29.%20Similarly%2C%20the%20mean%20difference%20between%20the%20overall%20mobility-based%20mean%20air%20temperature%20exposure%20%2819.2%5Cu2009%5Cu00b0C%29%20and%20the%20corresponding%20residence-based%20mean%20%2819.2%5Cu2009%5Cu00b0C%29%20was%20negligible%20%28%5Cu22120.02%5Cu2009%5Cu00b0C%29.%20Meaningful%20differences%20emerged%2C%20however%2C%20when%20comparing%20maximums%2C%20particularly%20for%20LST.%20The%20mean%20mobility-based%20maximum%20LST%20was%2040.3%5Cu2009%5Cu00b0C%20compared%20with%20a%20mean%20residence-based%20maximum%20of%2035.8%5Cu2009%5Cu00b0C%2C%20a%20difference%20of%204.51%5Cu2009%5Cu00b0C.%20The%20difference%20in%20maximums%20was%20considerably%20smaller%20for%20air%20temperature%20%28mean%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.40%5Cu2009%5Cu00b0C%3B%20SD%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20091.41%5Cu2009%5Cu00b0C%29%20but%20nevertheless%20greater%20than%20the%20corresponding%20difference%20in%20means.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Impact%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20As%20the%20climate%20warms%2C%20assessment%20of%20heat%20exposure%20both%20at%20and%20away%20from%20home%20is%20important%20for%20understanding%20its%20health%20impacts.%20We%20compared%20two%20approaches%20to%20estimate%20exposure%20to%20two%20heat%20measures%20%28land%20surface%20temperature%20and%20air%20temperature%29.%20The%20first%20approach%20only%20considered%20exposure%20at%20home%2C%20and%20the%20second%20considered%20day-to-day%20travel.%20Considering%20the%20average%20exposure%20estimated%20by%20each%20approach%2C%20the%20results%20were%20almost%20identical.%20Considering%20the%20maximum%20exposure%20experienced%20%28specific%20definition%20in%20text%29%2C%20the%20differences%20between%20the%20two%20approaches%20were%20more%20considerable%2C%20especially%20for%20land%20surface%20temperature.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-09-11%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41370-024-00715-5%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221559-0631%2C%201559-064X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nature.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fs41370-024-00715-5%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-11T22%3A52%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZCATIQHE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hale%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-07-28%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHale%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20Merrifield%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Clemesha%2C%20R.%20E.%20S.%2C%20Gershunov%2C%20A.%2C%20Guirguis%2C%20K.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Dorman%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Iacobellis%2C%20S.%20F.%20%282024%29.%20Mean%20Summer%20Land%20Temperatures%20in%20the%20Southern%20California%20Coastal%20Zone%3A%20Connections%20With%20Ocean%20Processes.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E129%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2814%29%2C%20e2023JD040188.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JD040188%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JD040188%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mean%20Summer%20Land%20Temperatures%20in%20the%20Southern%20California%20Coastal%20Zone%3A%20Connections%20With%20Ocean%20Processes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hale%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Merrifield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20E.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clemesha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gershunov%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guirguis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dorman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Iacobellis%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20cooling%20effect%20of%20the%20ocean%20on%20the%20Southern%20California%20coastal%20zone%20is%20investigated%20using%20a%20high%5Cu2010resolution%20%284%5Cu2010km%29%20gridded%20surface%20meteorological%20data%20set%20%28gridMET%29%20of%20daily%20maximum%20temperature%20%28Tmax%29%2C%20with%20focus%20on%20summer%20mean%20conditions%2C%20taken%20as%20the%20July%5Cu2013August%5Cu2013September%20%28JAS%29%20average.%20An%20empirical%20orthogonal%20function%20analysis%20reveals%20a%20coastal%20mode%20of%20JAS%20temperature%20covariability%2C%20distinct%20from%20a%20more%20energetic%20inland%20mode%2C%20that%20captures%20Tmax%20averaged%20across%20the%20Southern%20California%20coastal%20plain.%20The%20coastal%20mode%20temperature%20correlates%20significantly%20with%2C%20and%20has%20similar%20amplitude%20to%2C%20regional%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20%28SST%29.%20High%20%28low%29%20summer%20land%20and%20sea%20surface%20temperatures%2C%20as%20well%20as%20inversion%20layer%20temperature%20differences%2C%20are%20associated%20with%20decreases%20%28increases%29%20of%20northerly%20coastal%20wind%20speeds%20and%20coastal%20cloudiness.%20The%20number%20of%20extreme%20heat%20days%20on%20land%20increases%20as%20regional%20SST%20increases%20%284.3%5Cu00a0days%5Cu00a0%5Cu00b0C%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu22121%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%2C%20with%20heat%20wave%20days%2010%20times%20more%20likely%20during%20peak%20warm%20versus%20cool%20coastal%20mode%20years.%20The%20coastal%20zone%20was%20notably%20warmer%20and%20heat%20wave%20days%20peaked%20during%20the%20well%20documented%20marine%20heat%20wave%20events%20of%202014%5C%2F15%20and%202018%20off%20Southern%20California.%20The%20marine%20variability%20associated%20with%20the%20coastal%20mode%20also%20has%20strong%20expression%20off%20the%20Baja%20California%20peninsula%2C%20presumably%20due%20to%20strong%20covarying%20winds%20in%20that%20area.%20As%20in%20previous%20studies%2C%20higher%20ocean%20temperatures%20are%20attributed%20to%20weaker%20summer%20winds%2C%20with%20associated%20reductions%20in%20ocean%20surface%20heat%20loss%2C%20coastal%20upwelling%2C%20and%20cloudiness.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Summer%20land%20temperatures%20across%20the%20Southern%20California%20coastal%20plain%20are%20moderated%20by%20proximity%20to%20the%20ocean%2C%20yet%20connections%20between%20year%5Cu2010to%5Cu2010year%20changes%20in%20summer%20land%20and%20ocean%20temperatures%20have%20not%20been%20fully%20quantified.%20Averages%20of%20July%5Cu2013September%20temperatures%20across%20the%20coastal%20plain%20are%20well%20described%20by%20a%20single%20mode%20of%20variability%2C%20which%20contributes%20to%20the%20number%20of%20extreme%20heat%20days%20in%20a%20given%20summer.%20Anomalously%20warm%20coastal%20land%20conditions%20are%20associated%20with%20reduced%20wind%20speeds%20and%20cloud%5C%2Ffog%20coverage%20and%2C%20most%20notably%2C%20warmer%20sea%20surface%20temperatures%20over%20the%20Southern%20California%20Bight%20and%20extending%20southward%20along%20the%20Baja%20California%20peninsula.%20Weak%20summer%20winds%20bring%20a%20reduction%20in%20ocean%20surface%20heat%20loss%2C%20coastal%20upwelling%2C%20and%20cloudiness%2C%20which%20contribute%20to%20higher%20sea%20surface%20temperatures.%20Strong%20winds%20lead%20to%20the%20opposite%20effect.%20This%20study%20highlights%20the%20multiple%20connections%20between%20marine%20and%20land%20heat%20waves%20in%20the%20SoCal%20region.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Summer%5Cu2010averaged%20daily%20maximum%20land%20temperatures%20exhibit%20coherent%20spatial%20variations%20across%20the%20Southern%20California%20coastal%20plain%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Coastal%20land%20temperatures%20covary%20with%20regional%20ocean%20temperatures%20at%20a%20similar%20amplitude%2C%20as%20well%20as%20with%20surface%20winds%20and%20cloud%20cover%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20number%20of%20extreme%20temperature%20days%20in%20the%20coastal%20zone%20varies%20with%20ocean%20conditions%2C%20notably%20during%20recent%20marine%20heat%20waves%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-07-28%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2023JD040188%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-897X%2C%202169-8996%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JD040188%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%2C%22BJ844U2D%22%2C%227J6PFJNF%22%2C%228U6EVDVF%22%2C%22S8W2BV24%22%2C%22SSJEK2D9%22%2C%22SS6XDERI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-08-30T21%3A27%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227W3ABM87%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Geldsetzer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-07-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGeldsetzer%2C%20P.%2C%20Fridljand%2C%20D.%2C%20Kiang%2C%20M.%20V.%2C%20Bendavid%2C%20E.%2C%20Heft-Neal%2C%20S.%2C%20Burke%2C%20M.%2C%20Thieme%2C%20A.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282024%29.%20Disparities%20in%20air%20pollution%20attributable%20mortality%20in%20the%20US%20population%20by%20race%5C%2Fethnicity%20and%20sociodemographic%20factors.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Medicine%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41591-024-03117-0%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41591-024-03117-0%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Disparities%20in%20air%20pollution%20attributable%20mortality%20in%20the%20US%20population%20by%20race%5C%2Fethnicity%20and%20sociodemographic%20factors%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pascal%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Geldsetzer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fridljand%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mathew%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kiang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eran%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bendavid%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heft-Neal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marshall%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexander%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thieme%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-07-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41591-024-03117-0%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221078-8956%2C%201546-170X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nature.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fs41591-024-03117-0%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-07-12T17%3A59%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UD7XAQPZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bai%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-06-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBai%2C%20L.%2C%20Kwong%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Kaufman%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Chen%2C%20C.%2C%20Van%20Donkelaar%2C%20A.%2C%20Martin%2C%20R.%20V.%2C%20Kim%2C%20J.%2C%20Lu%2C%20H.%2C%20Burnett%2C%20R.%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chen%2C%20H.%20%282024%29.%20Effect%20modification%20by%20statin%20use%20status%20on%20the%20association%20between%20fine%20particulate%20matter%20%28PM2.5%29%20and%20cardiovascular%20mortality.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Journal%20of%20Epidemiology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E53%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20dyae084.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fije%5C%2Fdyae084%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fije%5C%2Fdyae084%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effect%20modification%20by%20statin%20use%20status%20on%20the%20association%20between%20fine%20particulate%20matter%20%28PM2.5%29%20and%20cardiovascular%20mortality%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Li%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kwong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jay%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaufman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aaron%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Donkelaar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Randall%20V%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22JinHee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kim%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burnett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Background%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Numerous%20studies%20have%20linked%20fine%20particulate%20matter%20%28PM2.5%29%20to%20increased%20cardiovascular%20mortality.%20Less%20is%20known%20how%20the%20PM2.5-cardiovascular%20mortality%20association%20varies%20by%20use%20of%20cardiovascular%20medications.%20This%20study%20sought%20to%20quantify%20effect%20modification%20by%20statin%20use%20status%20on%20the%20associations%20between%20long-term%20exposure%20to%20PM2.5%20and%20mortality%20from%20any%20cardiovascular%20cause%2C%20coronary%20heart%20disease%20%28CHD%29%2C%20and%20stroke.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Methods%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20In%20this%20nested%20case-control%20study%2C%20we%20followed%201.2%20million%20community-dwelling%20adults%20aged%20%5Cu226566%5Cu2009years%20who%20lived%20in%20Ontario%2C%20Canada%20from%202000%20through%202018.%20Cases%20were%20patients%20who%20died%20from%20the%20three%20causes.%20Each%20case%20was%20individually%20matched%20to%20up%20to%2030%20randomly%20selected%20controls%20using%20incidence%20density%20sampling.%20Conditional%20logistic%20regression%20models%20were%20used%20to%20estimate%20odds%20ratios%20%28ORs%29%20for%20the%20associations%20between%20PM2.5%20and%20mortality.%20We%20evaluated%20the%20presence%20of%20effect%20modification%20considering%20both%20multiplicative%20%28ratio%20of%20ORs%29%20and%20additive%20scales%20%28the%20relative%20excess%20risk%20due%20to%20interaction%2C%20RERI%29.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Results%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Exposure%20to%20PM2.5%20increased%20the%20risks%20for%20cardiovascular%2C%20CHD%2C%20and%20stroke%20mortality.%20For%20all%20three%20causes%20of%20death%2C%20compared%20with%20statin%20users%2C%20stronger%20PM2.5-mortality%20associations%20were%20observed%20among%20non-users%20%5Be.g.%20for%20cardiovascular%20mortality%20corresponding%20to%20each%20interquartile%20range%20increase%20in%20PM2.5%2C%20OR%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20091.042%20%2895%25%20CI%2C%201.032%5Cu20131.053%29%20vs%20OR%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20091.009%20%2895%25%20CI%2C%200.996%5Cu20131.022%29%20in%20users%2C%20ratio%20of%20ORs%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20091.033%20%2895%25%20CI%2C%201.019%5Cu20131.047%29%2C%20RERI%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.039%20%2895%25%20CI%2C%200.025%5Cu20130.050%29%5D.%20Among%20users%2C%20partially%20adherent%20users%20exhibited%20a%20higher%20risk%20of%20PM2.5-associated%20mortality%20than%20fully%20adherent%20users.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Conclusions%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20associations%20of%20chronic%20exposure%20to%20PM2.5%20with%20cardiovascular%20and%20CHD%20mortality%20were%20stronger%20among%20statin%20non-users%20compared%20to%20users.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-06-12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fije%5C%2Fdyae084%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220300-5771%2C%201464-3685%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facademic.oup.com%5C%2Fije%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fije%5C%2Fdyae084%5C%2F7705740%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-07-30T21%3A12%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q78NIF6H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Christou%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-06-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChristou%2C%20A.%2C%20Beretsou%2C%20V.%20G.%2C%20Iakovides%2C%20I.%20C.%2C%20Karaolia%2C%20P.%2C%20Michael%2C%20C.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Chefetz%2C%20B.%2C%20Donner%2C%20E.%2C%20Gawlik%2C%20B.%20M.%2C%20Lee%2C%20Y.%2C%20Lim%2C%20T.%20T.%2C%20Lundy%2C%20L.%2C%20Maffettone%2C%20R.%2C%20Rizzo%2C%20L.%2C%20Topp%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fatta-Kassinos%2C%20D.%20%282024%29.%20Sustainable%20wastewater%20reuse%20for%20agriculture.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Reviews%20Earth%20%26amp%3B%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E5%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20504%26%23x2013%3B521.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs43017-024-00560-y%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs43017-024-00560-y%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sustainable%20wastewater%20reuse%20for%20agriculture%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anastasis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Christou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vasiliki%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beretsou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Iakovos%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Iakovides%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Popi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karaolia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Costas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Michael%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benny%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chefetz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernd%20Manfred%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gawlik%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yunho%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Teik%20Thye%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lim%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lundy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roberta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maffettone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luigi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rizzo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Topp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Despo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fatta-Kassinos%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-06-06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs43017-024-00560-y%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222662-138X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nature.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fs43017-024-00560-y%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-07-16T21%3A07%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2247XMEG3I%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sun%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-04-26%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESun%2C%20Y.%2C%20Bhuyan%2C%20R.%2C%20Jiao%2C%20A.%2C%20Avila%2C%20C.%20C.%2C%20Chiu%2C%20V.%20Y.%2C%20Slezak%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Sacks%2C%20D.%20A.%2C%20Molitor%2C%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Chen%2C%20J.-C.%2C%20Getahun%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wu%2C%20J.%20%282024%29.%20Association%20between%20particulate%20air%20pollution%20and%20hypertensive%20disorders%20in%20pregnancy%3A%20A%20retrospective%20cohort%20study.%20%3Ci%3EPLOS%20Medicine%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E21%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20e1004395.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pmed.1004395%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pmed.1004395%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Association%20between%20particulate%20air%20pollution%20and%20hypertensive%20disorders%20in%20pregnancy%3A%20A%20retrospective%20cohort%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rashmi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bhuyan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anqi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jiao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chantal%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Avila%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vicki%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chiu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeff%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slezak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sacks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Molitor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jiu-Chiuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Darios%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Getahun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stock%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Epidemiological%20findings%20regarding%20the%20association%20of%20particulate%20matter%20%5Cu22642.5%20%5Cu03bcm%20%28PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%20exposure%20with%20hypertensive%20disorders%20in%20pregnancy%20%28HDP%29%20are%20inconsistent%3B%20evidence%20for%20HDP%20risk%20related%20to%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20components%2C%20mixture%20effects%2C%20and%20windows%20of%20susceptibility%20is%20limited.%20We%20aimed%20to%20investigate%20the%20relationships%20between%20HDP%20and%20exposure%20to%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20during%20pregnancy.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Methods%20and%20findings%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20A%20large%20retrospective%20cohort%20study%20was%20conducted%20among%20mothers%20with%20singleton%20pregnancies%20in%20Kaiser%20Permanente%20Southern%20California%20from%202008%20to%202017.%20HDP%20were%20defined%20by%20International%20Classification%20of%20Diseases-9%5C%2F10%20%28ICD-9%5C%2F10%29%20diagnostic%20codes%20and%20were%20classified%20into%202%20subcategories%20based%20on%20the%20severity%20of%20HDP%3A%20gestational%20hypertension%20%28GH%29%20and%20preeclampsia%20and%20eclampsia%20%28PE-E%29.%20Monthly%20averages%20of%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20total%20mass%20and%20its%20constituents%20%28i.e.%2C%20sulfate%2C%20nitrate%2C%20ammonium%2C%20organic%20matter%2C%20and%20black%20carbon%29%20were%20estimated%20using%20outputs%20from%20a%20fine-resolution%20geoscience-derived%20model.%20Multilevel%20Cox%20proportional%20hazard%20models%20were%20used%20to%20fit%20single-pollutant%20models%3B%20quantile%20g-computation%20approach%20was%20applied%20to%20estimate%20the%20joint%20effect%20of%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20constituents.%20The%20distributed%20lag%20model%20was%20applied%20to%20estimate%20the%20association%20between%20monthly%20exposure%20and%20HDP%20risk.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20This%20study%20included%20386%2C361%20participants%20%2830.3%20%5Cu00b1%206.1%20years%29%20with%204.8%25%20%2817%2C977%5C%2F373%2C905%29%20GH%20and%205.0%25%20%2819%2C381%5C%2F386%2C361%29%20PE-E%20cases%2C%20respectively.%20In%20single-pollutant%20models%2C%20we%20observed%20increased%20relative%20risks%20for%20PE-E%20associated%20with%20exposures%20to%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20total%20mass%20%5Badjusted%20hazard%20ratio%20%28HR%29%20per%20interquartile%20range%3A%201.07%2C%2095%25%20confidence%20interval%20%28CI%29%20%5B1.04%2C%201.10%5D%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20p%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C%200.001%5D%2C%20black%20carbon%20%5BHR%20%3D%201.12%20%2895%25%20CI%20%5B1.08%2C%201.16%5D%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20p%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C%200.001%29%5D%20and%20organic%20matter%20%5BHR%20%3D%201.06%20%2895%25%20CI%20%5B1.03%2C%201.09%5D%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20p%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C%200.001%29%5D%2C%20but%20not%20for%20GH.%20The%20population%20attributable%20fraction%20for%20PE-E%20corresponding%20to%20the%20standards%20of%20the%20US%20Environmental%20Protection%20Agency%20%289%20%5Cu03bcg%5C%2Fm%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%203%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%20was%206.37%25.%20In%20multi-pollutant%20models%2C%20the%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20mixture%20was%20associated%20with%20an%20increased%20relative%20risk%20of%20PE-E%20%28%5BHR%20%3D%201.05%20%2895%25%20CI%20%5B1.03%2C%201.07%5D%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20p%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C%200.001%29%5D%2C%20simultaneous%20increase%20in%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20constituents%20of%20interest%20by%20a%20quartile%29%20and%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20black%20carbon%20gave%20the%20greatest%20contribution%20of%20the%20overall%20mixture%20effects%20%2871%25%29%20among%20all%20individual%20constituents.%20The%20susceptible%20window%20is%20the%20late%20first%20trimester%20and%20second%20trimester.%20Furthermore%2C%20the%20risks%20of%20PE-E%20associated%20with%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20exposure%20were%20significantly%20higher%20among%20Hispanic%20and%20African%20American%20mothers%20and%20mothers%20who%20live%20in%20low-%20to%20middle-income%20neighborhoods%20%28%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20p%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C%200.05%20for%20Cochran%5Cu2019s%20Q%20test%29.%20Study%20limitations%20include%20potential%20exposure%20misclassification%20solely%20based%20on%20residential%20outdoor%20air%20pollution%2C%20misclassification%20of%20disease%20status%20defined%20by%20ICD%20codes%2C%20the%20date%20of%20diagnosis%20not%20reflecting%20the%20actual%20time%20of%20onset%2C%20and%20lack%20of%20information%20on%20potential%20covariates%20and%20unmeasured%20factors%20for%20HDP.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Conclusions%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Our%20findings%20add%20to%20the%20literature%20on%20associations%20between%20air%20pollution%20exposure%20and%20HDP.%20To%20our%20knowledge%2C%20this%20is%20the%20first%20study%20reporting%20that%20specific%20air%20pollution%20components%2C%20mixture%20effects%2C%20and%20susceptible%20windows%20of%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20may%20affect%20GH%20and%20PE-E%20differently.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-4-26%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pmed.1004395%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221549-1676%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.plos.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pmed.1004395%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-05-10T15%3A43%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226JQNII7U%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ruxin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-04-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERuxin%2C%20T.%20R.%2C%20Morgenroth%2C%20D.%20C.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Halsne%2C%20E.%20G.%20%282024%29.%20The%20impact%20of%20climate%20change%20and%20related%20extreme%20weather%20on%20people%20with%20limb%20loss.%20%3Ci%3EPM%26amp%3BR%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20pmrj.13154.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fpmrj.13154%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fpmrj.13154%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20impact%20of%20climate%20change%20and%20related%20extreme%20weather%20on%20people%20with%20limb%20loss%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Talia%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruxin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morgenroth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Halsne%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20human%20health%20consequences%20of%20climate%20change%20and%20extreme%20weather%20events%20are%20well%20documented.%20Published%20literature%20details%20the%20unique%20effects%20and%20necessary%20adaptation%20planning%20for%20people%20with%20physical%20disabilities%20in%20general%3B%20however%2C%20the%20specific%20impacts%20and%20plans%20for%20people%20with%20limb%20loss%20have%20yet%20to%20be%20explored.%20In%20this%20article%2C%20we%20discuss%20the%20impacts%20related%20to%20threats%20due%20to%20heat%2C%20cold%2C%20severe%20storms%2C%20and%20power%20outages.%20We%20describe%20how%20climate%20change%20uniquely%20affects%20people%20with%20limb%20loss%20and%20underscore%20the%20need%20for%20rehabilitation%20care%20providers%20and%20researchers%20to%3A%20%281%29%20study%20the%20health%20impacts%20of%20climate%20change%20on%20people%20with%20lower%20limb%20loss%3B%20%282%29%20educate%20themselves%20and%20patients%20on%20the%20climate%20crisis%20and%20climate%20preparedness%3B%20%283%29%20co%5Cu2010develop%20resiliency%20strategies%20with%20patients%2C%20governments%2C%20and%20community%20organizations%20to%20improve%20adaptive%20capacity%3B%20and%20%284%29%20advocate%20for%20policy%20changes%20that%20will%20enact%20protections%20for%20this%20at%5Cu2010risk%20population.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-04-08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fpmrj.13154%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221934-1482%2C%201934-1563%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fpmrj.13154%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-29T22%3A40%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IXUHQ5BD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Casey%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-02-20%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECasey%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Kioumourtzoglou%2C%20M.-A.%2C%20Padula%2C%20A.%2C%20Gonz%26%23xE1%3Blez%2C%20D.%20J.%20X.%2C%20Elser%2C%20H.%2C%20Aguilera%2C%20R.%2C%20Northrop%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Tartof%2C%20S.%20Y.%2C%20Mayeda%2C%20E.%20R.%2C%20Braun%2C%20D.%2C%20Dominici%2C%20F.%2C%20Eisen%2C%20E.%20A.%2C%20Morello-Frosch%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282024%29.%20Measuring%20long-term%20exposure%20to%20wildfire%20PM%20%3Csub%3E2.5%3C%5C%2Fsub%3E%20in%20California%3A%20Time-varying%20inequities%20in%20environmental%20burden.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E121%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%20e2306729121.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2306729121%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2306729121%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Measuring%20long-term%20exposure%20to%20wildfire%20PM%20%3Csub%3E2.5%3C%5C%2Fsub%3E%20in%20California%3A%20Time-varying%20inequities%20in%20environmental%20burden%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joan%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Casey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marianthi-Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kioumourtzoglou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Padula%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20J.%20X.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gonz%5Cu00e1lez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Holly%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Elser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rosana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aguilera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexander%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Northrop%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tartof%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20Rose%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mayeda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Danielle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Braun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dominici%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ellen%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eisen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morello-Frosch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Wildfires%20have%20become%20more%20frequent%20and%20intense%20due%20to%20climate%20change%20and%20outdoor%20wildfire%20fine%20particulate%20matter%20%28PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%20concentrations%20differ%20from%20relatively%20smoothly%20varying%20total%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20.%20Thus%2C%20we%20introduced%20a%20conceptual%20model%20for%20computing%20long-term%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20and%20assessed%20disproportionate%20exposures%20among%20marginalized%20communities.%20We%20used%20monitoring%20data%20and%20statistical%20techniques%20to%20characterize%20annual%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20exposure%20based%20on%20intermittent%20and%20extreme%20daily%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20concentrations%20in%20California%20census%20tracts%20%282006%20to%202020%29.%20Metrics%20included%3A%201%29%20weeks%20with%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3E%205%20%5Cu03bcg%5C%2Fm%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%203%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3B%202%29%20days%20with%20non-zero%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3B%203%29%20mean%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20during%20peak%20exposure%20week%3B%204%29%20smoke%20waves%20%28%5Cu22652%20consecutive%20days%20with%20%3E15%20%5Cu03bcg%5C%2Fm%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%203%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%3B%20and%205%29%20mean%20annual%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20concentration.%20We%20classified%20tracts%20by%20their%20racial%5C%2Fethnic%20composition%20and%20CalEnviroScreen%20%28CES%29%20score%2C%20an%20environmental%20and%20social%20vulnerability%20composite%20measure.%20We%20examined%20associations%20of%20CES%20and%20racial%5C%2Fethnic%20composition%20with%20the%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20metrics%20using%20mixed-effects%20models.%20Averaged%202006%20to%202020%2C%20we%20detected%20little%20difference%20in%20exposure%20by%20CES%20score%20or%20racial%5C%2Fethnic%20composition%2C%20except%20for%20non-Hispanic%20American%20Indian%20and%20Alaska%20Native%20populations%2C%20where%20a%201-SD%20increase%20was%20associated%20with%20higher%20exposure%20for%204%5C%2F5%20metrics.%20CES%20or%20racial%5C%2Fethnic%20%5Cu00d7%20year%20interaction%20term%20models%20revealed%20exposure%20disparities%20in%20some%20years.%20Compared%20to%20their%20California-wide%20representation%2C%20the%20exposed%20populations%20of%20non-Hispanic%20American%20Indian%20and%20Alaska%20Native%20%281.68%5Cu00d7%2C%2095%25%20CI%3A%201.01%20to%202.81%29%2C%20white%20%281.13%5Cu00d7%2C%2095%25%20CI%3A%200.99%20to%201.32%29%2C%20and%20multiracial%20%281.06%5Cu00d7%2C%2095%25%20CI%3A%200.97%20to%201.23%29%20people%20were%20over-represented%20from%202006%20to%202020.%20In%20conclusion%2C%20during%20our%20study%20period%20in%20California%2C%20we%20detected%20disproportionate%20long-term%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20exposure%20for%20several%20racial%5C%2Fethnic%20groups.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-02-20%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2306729121%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220027-8424%2C%201091-6490%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpnas.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2306729121%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-05-10T15%3A54%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CLFRB6RK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ante-Testard%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-02-20%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAnte-Testard%2C%20P.%20A.%2C%20Rerolle%2C%20F.%2C%20Nguyen%2C%20A.%20T.%2C%20Ashraf%2C%20S.%2C%20Parvez%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20Naser%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Rahman%2C%20M.%2C%20Luby%2C%20S.%20P.%2C%20Benjamin-Chung%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Arnold%2C%20B.%20F.%20%282024%29.%20WASH%20interventions%20and%20child%20diarrhea%20at%20the%20interface%20of%20climate%20and%20socioeconomic%20position%20in%20Bangladesh.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Communications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E15%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201556.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-024-45624-1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-024-45624-1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22WASH%20interventions%20and%20child%20diarrhea%20at%20the%20interface%20of%20climate%20and%20socioeconomic%20position%20in%20Bangladesh%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pearl%20Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ante-Testard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francois%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rerolle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nguyen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sania%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ashraf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarker%20Masud%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parvez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Abu%20Mohammed%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Naser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mahbubur%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rahman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jade%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benjamin-Chung%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arnold%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Many%20diarrhea-causing%20pathogens%20are%20climate-sensitive%2C%20and%20populations%20with%20the%20lowest%20socioeconomic%20position%20%28SEP%29%20are%20often%20most%20vulnerable%20to%20climate-related%20transmission.%20Household%20Water%2C%20Sanitation%2C%20and%20Handwashing%20%28WASH%29%20interventions%20constitute%20one%20potential%20effective%20strategy%20to%20reduce%20child%20diarrhea%2C%20especially%20among%20low-income%20households.%20Capitalizing%20on%20a%20cluster%20randomized%20trial%20population%20%28360%20clusters%2C%204941%20children%20with%208440%20measurements%29%20in%20rural%20Bangladesh%2C%20one%20of%20the%20world%5Cu2019s%20most%20climate-sensitive%20regions%2C%20we%20show%20that%20improved%20WASH%20substantially%20reduces%20diarrhea%20risk%20with%20largest%20benefits%20among%20children%20with%20lowest%20SEP%20and%20during%20the%20monsoon%20season.%20We%20extrapolated%20trial%20results%20to%20rural%20Bangladesh%20regions%20using%20high-resolution%20geospatial%20layers%20to%20identify%20areas%20most%20likely%20to%20benefit.%20Scaling%20up%20a%20similar%20intervention%20could%20prevent%20an%20estimated%20734%20%2895%25%20CI%20385%2C%201085%29%20cases%20per%201000%20children%20per%20month%20during%20the%20seasonal%20monsoon%2C%20with%20marked%20regional%20heterogeneities.%20Here%2C%20we%20show%20how%20to%20extend%20large-scale%20trials%20to%20inform%20WASH%20strategies%20among%20climate-sensitive%20and%20low-income%20populations.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-02-20%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41467-024-45624-1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222041-1723%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nature.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fs41467-024-45624-1%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-12T21%3A23%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RWK8U92N%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-02-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChen%2C%20C.%2C%20Schwarz%2C%20L.%2C%20Rosenthal%2C%20N.%2C%20Marlier%2C%20M.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282024%29.%20Exploring%20spatial%20heterogeneity%20in%20synergistic%20effects%20of%20compound%20climate%20hazards%3A%20Extreme%20heat%20and%20wildfire%20smoke%20on%20cardiorespiratory%20hospitalizations%20in%20California.%20%3Ci%3EScience%20Advances%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E10%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20eadj7264.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fsciadv.adj7264%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fsciadv.adj7264%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Exploring%20spatial%20heterogeneity%20in%20synergistic%20effects%20of%20compound%20climate%20hazards%3A%20Extreme%20heat%20and%20wildfire%20smoke%20on%20cardiorespiratory%20hospitalizations%20in%20California%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schwarz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Noam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rosenthal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Miriam%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marlier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Extreme%20heat%20and%20wildfire%20smoke%20events%20are%20increasingly%20co-occurring%20in%20the%20context%20of%20climate%20change%2C%20especially%20in%20California.%20Extreme%20heat%20and%20wildfire%20smoke%20may%20have%20synergistic%20effects%20on%20population%20health%20that%20vary%20over%20space.%20We%20leveraged%20high-resolution%20satellite%20and%20monitoring%20data%20to%20quantify%20spatially%20varying%20compound%20exposures%20to%20extreme%20heat%20and%20wildfire%20smoke%20in%20California%20%282006%5Cu20132019%29%20at%20ZIP%20Code%20Tabulation%20Area%20%28ZCTA%29%20level.%20We%20found%20synergistic%20effects%20between%20extreme%20heat%20and%20wildfire%20smoke%20on%20daily%20cardiorespiratory%20hospitalizations%20at%20the%20state%20level.%20We%20also%20found%20spatial%20heterogeneity%20in%20such%20synergistic%20effects%20across%20ZCTAs.%20Communities%20with%20lower%20education%20attainment%2C%20lower%20health%20insurance%20coverage%2C%20lower%20income%2C%20lower%20proportion%20of%20automobile%20ownership%2C%20lower%20tree%20canopy%20coverage%2C%20higher%20population%20density%2C%20and%20higher%20proportions%20of%20racial%5C%2Fethnic%20minorities%20experienced%20higher%20synergistic%20effects.%20This%20study%20highlights%20the%20need%20to%20incorporate%20compound%20hazards%20and%20environmental%20justice%20considerations%20into%20evidence-based%20policy%20development%20to%20protect%20populations%20from%20increasingly%20prevalent%20compound%20hazards.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Extreme%20heat%20and%20wildfire%20smoke%20events%20have%20synergistic%20effects%20on%20population%20health%20that%20vary%20over%20space%20in%20California.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-02-02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fsciadv.adj7264%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222375-2548%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.science.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fsciadv.adj7264%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-11T23%3A25%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225WG24XEF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lasky%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELasky%2C%20E.%2C%20Costello%2C%20S.%2C%20Ndovu%2C%20A.%2C%20Aguilera%2C%20R.%2C%20Weiser%2C%20S.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282024%29.%20The%20health%20benefits%20of%20reducing%20micro-heat%20islands%3A%20A%2022-year%20analysis%20of%20the%20impact%20of%20urban%20temperature%20reduction%20on%20heat-related%20illnesses%20in%20California%26%23x2019%3Bs%20major%20cities.%20%3Ci%3EScience%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E949%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20175284.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2024.175284%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2024.175284%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20health%20benefits%20of%20reducing%20micro-heat%20islands%3A%20A%2022-year%20analysis%20of%20the%20impact%20of%20urban%20temperature%20reduction%20on%20heat-related%20illnesses%20in%20California%27s%20major%20cities%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emma%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lasky%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sadie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Costello%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Allan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ndovu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rosana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aguilera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sheri%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weiser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2211%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2024.175284%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200489697%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0048969724054342%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-09-04T18%3A07%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JBF4ZUAD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hansen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHansen%2C%20K.%2C%20Schwartzman%2C%20A.%2C%20Schwarz%2C%20L.%2C%20Teyton%2C%20A.%2C%20Basu%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282024%29.%20The%20spatial%20distribution%20of%20heat%20related%20hospitalizations%20and%20classification%20of%20the%20most%20dangerous%20heat%20events%20in%20California%20at%20a%20small-scale%20level.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E261%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20119667.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2024.119667%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2024.119667%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20spatial%20distribution%20of%20heat%20related%20hospitalizations%20and%20classification%20of%20the%20most%20dangerous%20heat%20events%20in%20California%20at%20a%20small-scale%20level%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hansen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Armin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schwartzman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schwarz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anais%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Teyton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rupa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Basu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2211%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2024.119667%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200139351%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS001393512401572X%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-09-04T18%3A10%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZDTLWM5T%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Maya%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMaya%2C%20S.%2C%20Thakur%2C%20N.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Weiser%2C%20S.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kahn%2C%20J.%20G.%20%282024%29.%20The%20Impact%20of%20Wildfire%20Smoke%20on%20Asthma%20Control%20in%20California%3A%20A%20Microsimulation%20Approach.%20%3Ci%3EGeoHealth%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E8%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%20e2024GH001037.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024GH001037%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024GH001037%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Impact%20of%20Wildfire%20Smoke%20on%20Asthma%20Control%20in%20California%3A%20A%20Microsimulation%20Approach%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sigal%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neeta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thakur%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sheri%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weiser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kahn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Wildfire%20smoke%20exposure%20leads%20to%20poorer%20health%20among%20those%20with%20pre%5Cu2010existing%20conditions%20such%20as%20asthma.%20Particulate%20matter%20in%20wildfire%20smoke%20can%20worsen%20asthma%20control%2C%20cause%20acute%20exacerbations%2C%20and%20increase%20health%20resource%20utilization%20%28HRU%29%20and%20costs.%20Research%20to%20date%20has%20been%20retrospective%20with%20few%20opportunities%20to%20project%20changes%20in%20underlying%20asthma%20control%20and%20HRU%20given%20exposure%20to%20wildfire%20smoke.%20Using%20a%20microsimulation%20of%205%2C000%20Californians%20with%20asthma%2C%20we%20calculated%20changes%20in%20asthma%20control%20distribution%2C%20risk%20of%20exacerbation%2C%20and%20HRU%20and%20cost%20outcomes%20in%20the%2016%5Cu00a0weeks%20during%20and%20after%20a%20wildfire.%20The%20model%20was%20calibrated%20against%20empirical%20values%20on%20asthma%20control%20distribution%20and%20increased%20HRU%20after%20exposure%20to%20wildfire%20smoke.%20Without%20smoke%20exposure%2C%2048%25%20of%20the%20cohort%20exhibited%20complete%20or%20well%20control%20of%20asthma%2C%20and%208%25%20required%20acute%20healthcare%20per%20cycle.%20Following%20two%20consecutive%20weeks%20of%20wildfire%20smoke%2C%20complete%20or%20well%20control%20of%20asthma%20fell%20to%2027%25%2C%20with%20an%20additional%204%25%20HRU.%20This%20corresponds%20to%20total%20additional%20%24601%2C250%20in%20all%5Cu2010cause%20medical%20costs%20and%20eight%20fewer%20quality%5Cu2010adjusted%20life%20years%20over%2016%5Cu00a0weeks%20of%20model%20time.%20Our%20model%20found%20increased%20asthma%20health%20and%20cost%20burden%20due%20to%20wildfire%20smoke%20that%20were%20aligned%20with%20empirical%20evidence%20from%20a%20historic%20wildfire%20event.%20This%20study%20establishes%20a%20framework%20for%20a%20more%20nuanced%20understanding%20of%20asthma%20impacts%20from%20wildfire%20smoke%20that%20can%20help%20inform%20the%20development%20of%20public%20health%20policies%20to%20mitigate%20harm%20and%20promote%20resilience%20among%20asthma%20patients%20in%20the%20face%20of%20climate%20change.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20This%20study%20looks%20at%20how%20wildfire%20smoke%20affects%20people%20with%20asthma%20in%20California.%20It%20is%20known%20that%20wildfire%20smoke%20exposure%20can%20make%20asthma%20worse%2C%20but%20we%20wanted%20to%20understand%20exactly%20how%20it%20impacts%20asthma%20control%2C%20the%20risk%20of%20asthma%20attacks%2C%20and%20the%20need%20for%20asthma%5Cu2010related%20healthcare.%20We%20created%20a%20computer%20simulation%20with%205%2C000%20virtual%20Californians%20who%20have%20asthma%20and%20looked%20at%20what%20happened%20to%20them%20during%20and%20after%20a%20wildfire%2C%20compared%20to%20if%20there%20was%20no%20wildfire.%20Without%20wildfire%20smoke%2C%20about%20half%20of%20the%20virtual%20group%20had%20good%20control%20over%20their%20asthma%2C%20and%20only%20a%20small%20percentage%20needed%20to%20go%20to%20the%20hospital%20for%20asthma%5Cu2010related%20reasons.%20During%20and%20after%20the%20wildfire%2C%20the%20number%20of%20people%20with%20good%20asthma%20control%20dropped%20as%20people%20were%20exposed%20to%20smoke%2C%20and%20more%20people%20needed%20to%20use%20healthcare%20services.%20This%20increase%20in%20asthma%20problems%20led%20to%20higher%20medical%20costs%20and%20reduced%20quality%20of%20life%20for%20the%20group%20exposed%20to%20wildfire%20smoke.%20Our%20findings%20were%20in%20line%20with%20observations%20made%20after%20a%20well%5Cu2010documented%20past%20wildfire%20in%20California.%20This%20and%20similar%20computer%20models%20can%20help%20policymakers%20make%20better%20decisions%20to%20protect%20people%20with%20asthma%20from%20the%20effects%20of%20wildfire%20smoke.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Exposure%20to%20wildfire%20smoke%20worsens%20asthma%20outcomes%2C%20but%20microsimulation%20methods%20have%20rarely%20been%20applied%20to%20describe%20this%20association%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Our%20novel%20microsimulation%20model%20accurately%20reflects%20altered%20distribution%20of%20asthma%20control%20and%20healthcare%20use%20after%20a%20wildfire%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Such%20a%20model%20can%20be%20valuable%20for%20informing%20and%20evaluating%20preventive%20measures%20to%20reduce%20to%20burden%20of%20wildfire%20smoke%20on%20asthma%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2210%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2024GH001037%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222471-1403%2C%202471-1403%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024GH001037%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%2C%22DU8RFMGU%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-08T17%3A19%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22I7XTTEKC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJang%2C%20M.%2C%20Yoon%2C%20J.%2C%20Yun%2C%20Y.%2C%20Kim%2C%20J.%2C%20Jang%2C%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Han%2C%20C.%20%282024%29.%20Changes%20in%20Healthcare%20Utilization%20After%20the%202022%20Seoul%20Metropolitan%20Flood%3A%20Applying%20a%20Generalized%20Synthetic%20Control%20Approach.%20%3Ci%3EGeoHealth%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E8%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%20e2024GH001084.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024GH001084%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024GH001084%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Changes%20in%20Healthcare%20Utilization%20After%20the%202022%20Seoul%20Metropolitan%20Flood%3A%20Applying%20a%20Generalized%20Synthetic%20Control%20Approach%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marnpyung%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaeyoung%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yoon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yeseul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaiyong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kim%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hoyeon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Changwoo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Han%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Floods%20can%20have%20adverse%20health%20effects%20and%20impose%20a%20burden%20on%20healthcare%20systems.%20However%2C%20the%20potential%20consequences%20of%20floods%20on%20specific%20medical%20causes%20in%20densely%20populated%20metropolitan%20cities%20has%20not%20been%20characterized%20yet.%20Therefore%2C%20we%20evaluate%20the%20changes%20in%20healthcare%20utilization%20patterns%20after%20the%202022%20Seoul%20flood%20using%20nationwide%20health%20insurance%20data.%20Based%20on%20the%20flood%20inundation%20map%2C%20districts%20within%20the%20flooded%20municipalities%20of%20Seoul%20were%20classified%20as%20severe%5Cu2010%28%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20n%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a012%29%2C%20mild%5Cu2010%28%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20n%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a022%29%2C%20or%20non%5Cu2010%28%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20n%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a038%29%20flood%5Cu2010affected%20districts.%20Capitalizing%20on%20the%20timing%20of%20the%20flood%20as%20a%20natural%20experiment%2C%20a%20generalized%20synthetic%20control%20method%20was%20applied%20to%20estimate%20changes%20in%20the%20number%20of%20disease%5Cu2010specific%20hospital%20visits%20in%20flood%5Cu2010affected%20districts%20during%202%5Cu00a0weeks%20after%20the%20flood.%20We%20found%20excess%20hospital%20visits%20for%20external%20injuries%20%2820.2%20visits%2C%2095%25%20CI%3A%20%5Cu22126.0%2C%2045.2%29%20and%20fewer%20visits%20for%20pregnancy%20and%20puerperium%20%28%5Cu22123.0%20visits%2C%2095%25%20CI%3A%20%5Cu22125.1%2C%20%5Cu22120.5%29%20in%20residents%20of%20flooded%20districts.%20When%20comparing%20severe%5Cu2010%20and%20non%5Cu2010flood%20districts%2C%20the%20increase%20in%20hospital%20visits%20for%20external%20injuries%20%2856.2%20visits%2C%2095%25%20CI%3A%2017.2%2C%2093.2%29%20and%20a%20decrease%20in%20hospital%20visits%20related%20to%20pregnancy%20and%20puerperium%20%28%5Cu22125.3%20visits%2C%2095%25%20CI%3A%20%5Cu22128.4%2C%20%5Cu22121.6%29%20were%20prominent%20in%20residents%20living%20in%20severe%5Cu2010flood%20affected%20districts.%20Disease%20specific%20analysis%20showed%20an%20increase%20in%20hospital%20visits%20for%20injuries%20to%20the%20elbow%20and%20forearm%2C%20ankle%20and%20foot%20injuries%2C%20and%20chronic%20lower%20respiratory%20diseases%20in%20severe%5Cu2010flood%5Cu2010affected%20districts.%20However%2C%20these%20impacts%20were%20not%20observed%20when%20comparing%20the%20mild%5Cu2010%20and%20non%5Cu2010flood%5Cu2010affected%20districts.%20Our%20study%20suggests%20an%20immediate%20and%20substantial%20change%20in%20medical%20demand%20following%20flood%20exposure%2C%20highlighting%20the%20importance%20of%20public%20health%20responses%20after%20flood%20events.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20This%20study%20evaluated%20the%20acute%20medical%20demands%20after%20a%202022%20Seoul%20Metropolitan%20City%20flooding%20event%2C%20highlighting%20the%20need%20for%20preparedness%20and%20response%20to%20future%20flood%20disasters.%20We%20observed%20an%20increase%20in%20hospital%20visits%20related%20to%20external%20injuries%20and%20chronic%20lower%20respiratory%20infection%20and%20a%20decrease%20in%20pregnancy%20and%20puerperium%20related%20hospital%20visits%5Cu00a0in%20residents%20of%20severely%20flood%5Cu2010affected%20districts.%20However%2C%20such%20changes%20were%20not%20observed%20in%20residents%20of%20mildly%20flood%5Cu2010affected%20districts.%20Future%20healthcare%20management%20plans%20following%20flood%20should%20include%20adjustments%20to%20changes%20in%20the%20demand%20for%20medical%20services%20during%20and%20after%20flood%20events.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20evaluated%20the%20changes%20in%20healthcare%20utilization%20patterns%20after%202022%20Seoul%20flood%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20universal%20health%20insurance%20data%20and%20a%20generalized%20synthetic%20control%20were%20used%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20There%20was%20an%20increase%20in%20injuries%20and%20a%20decrease%20in%20pregnancy%20related%20hospital%20visits%20after%20flood%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2210%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2024GH001084%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222471-1403%2C%202471-1403%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024GH001084%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-22T16%3A43%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22R26PUIU9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWang%2C%20H.%2C%20Zhu%2C%20Z.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Chen%2C%20X.%2C%20Jalaludin%2C%20B.%2C%20Wulayin%2C%20M.%2C%20Huang%2C%20C.%2C%20Zhang%2C%20T.%2C%20Xu%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wang%2C%20Q.%20%282024%29.%20Estimation%20of%20couple%20fecundity%20in%20the%20general%20population%20and%20the%20association%20with%20monthly%20time-varying%20ambient%20particulate%20matter%20exposure%20in%20low-%20and%20middle-income%20countries%3A%20A%20population-based%20multi-center%20epidemiological%20study.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironment%20International%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E191%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20108951.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envint.2024.108951%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envint.2024.108951%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Estimation%20of%20couple%20fecundity%20in%20the%20general%20population%20and%20the%20association%20with%20monthly%20time-varying%20ambient%20particulate%20matter%20exposure%20in%20low-%20and%20middle-income%20countries%3A%20A%20population-based%20multi-center%20epidemiological%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Huailin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zhenghong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jalaludin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maimaitiminjiang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wulayin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cunrui%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tuantuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lianlian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Qiong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2209%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.envint.2024.108951%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201604120%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0160412024005373%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-04T23%3A30%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M59676YF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWang%2C%20X.%2C%20Zhang%2C%20Y.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Zhang%2C%20K.%2C%20Lin%2C%20S.%2C%20Deng%2C%20X.%2C%20Gu%2C%20H.%2C%20Wu%2C%20W.%2C%20Lin%2C%20X.%2C%20Du%2C%20Z.%2C%20Wang%2C%20Y.%2C%20Qu%2C%20Y.%2C%20Lin%2C%20Z.%2C%20Zhang%2C%20M.%2C%20Sun%2C%20Y.%2C%20Dong%2C%20G.%2C%20Wei%2C%20Y.%2C%20Zhang%2C%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hao%2C%20Y.%20%282024%29.%20The%20effect%20of%20residential%20greenness%20on%20cardiovascular%20mortality%20from%20a%20large%20cohort%20in%20South%20China%3A%20An%20in-depth%20analysis%20of%20effect%20modification%20by%20multiple%20demographic%20and%20lifestyle%20characteristics.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironment%20International%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E190%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20108894.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envint.2024.108894%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envint.2024.108894%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20effect%20of%20residential%20greenness%20on%20cardiovascular%20mortality%20from%20a%20large%20cohort%20in%20South%20China%3A%20An%20in-depth%20analysis%20of%20effect%20modification%20by%20multiple%20demographic%20and%20lifestyle%20characteristics%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xiaowen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yuqin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xinlei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Haogao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenjing%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xiao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zhicheng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Du%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ying%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yanji%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Qu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ziqiang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Man%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yongqing%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guang-hui%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yongyue%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wei%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wangjian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yuantao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hao%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2208%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.envint.2024.108894%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201604120%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS016041202400480X%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-09-04T18%3A06%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22H49MJZXS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Teyton%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETeyton%2C%20A.%2C%20Nukavarapu%2C%20N.%2C%20Letellier%2C%20N.%2C%20Sears%2C%20D.%20D.%2C%20Yang%2C%20J.-A.%2C%20Jankowska%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282024%29.%20Simulating%20the%20impact%20of%20greenspace%20exposure%20on%20metabolic%20biomarkers%20in%20a%20diverse%20population%20living%20in%20San%20Diego%2C%20California%3A%20A%20g-computation%20application.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Epidemiology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E8%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20e326.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1097%5C%2FEE9.0000000000000326%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1097%5C%2FEE9.0000000000000326%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Simulating%20the%20impact%20of%20greenspace%20exposure%20on%20metabolic%20biomarkers%20in%20a%20diverse%20population%20living%20in%20San%20Diego%2C%20California%3A%20A%20g-computation%20application%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%5Cu00efs%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Teyton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nivedita%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nukavarapu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22No%5Cu00e9mie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Letellier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dorothy%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sears%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jiue-An%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marta%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jankowska%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Introduction%3A%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Growing%20evidence%20exists%20that%20greenspace%20exposure%20can%20reduce%20metabolic%20syndrome%20risk%2C%20a%20growing%20public%20health%20concern%20with%20well-documented%20inequities%20across%20population%20subgroups.%20We%20capitalize%20on%20the%20use%20of%20g-computation%20to%20simulate%20the%20influence%20of%20multiple%20possible%20interventions%20on%20residential%20greenspace%20on%20nine%20metabolic%20biomarkers%20and%20metabolic%20syndrome%20in%20adults%20%28N%20%3D%20555%29%20from%20the%202014%5Cu20132017%20Community%20of%20Mine%20Study%20living%20in%20San%20Diego%20County%2C%20California.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Methods%3A%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Normalized%20difference%20vegetation%20index%20%28NDVI%29%20exposure%20from%202017%20was%20averaged%20across%20a%20400-m%20buffer%20around%20the%20participants%5Cu2019%20residential%20addresses.%20Participants%5Cu2019%20fasting%20plasma%20glucose%2C%20total%20cholesterol%2C%20high-density%20lipoprotein%20cholesterol%2C%20low-density%20lipoprotein%20cholesterol%2C%20and%20triglyceride%20concentrations%2C%20systolic%20and%20diastolic%20blood%20pressure%2C%20hemoglobin%20A1c%20%28%25%29%2C%20waist%20circumference%2C%20and%20metabolic%20syndrome%20were%20assessed%20as%20outcomes%20of%20interest.%20Using%20parametric%20g-computation%2C%20we%20calculated%20risk%20differences%20for%20participants%20being%20exposed%20to%20each%20decile%20of%20the%20participant%20NDVI%20distribution%20compared%20to%20minimum%20NDVI.%20Differential%20health%20impacts%20from%20NDVI%20exposure%20by%20sex%2C%20ethnicity%2C%20income%2C%20and%20age%20were%20examined.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Results%3A%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20found%20that%20a%20hypothetical%20increase%20in%20NDVI%20exposure%20led%20to%20a%20decrease%20in%20hemoglobin%20A1c%20%28%25%29%2C%20glucose%2C%20and%20high-density%20lipoprotein%20cholesterol%20concentrations%2C%20an%20increase%20in%20fasting%20total%20cholesterol%2C%20low-density%20lipoprotein%20cholesterol%2C%20and%20triglyceride%20concentrations%2C%20and%20minimal%20changes%20to%20systolic%20and%20diastolic%20blood%20pressure%2C%20waist%20circumference%2C%20and%20metabolic%20syndrome.%20The%20impact%20of%20NDVI%20changes%20was%20greater%20in%20women%2C%20Hispanic%20individuals%2C%20and%20those%20under%2065%20years%20old.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Conclusions%3A%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20G-computation%20helps%20to%20simulate%20the%20potential%20health%20benefits%20of%20differential%20NDVI%20exposure%20and%20identifies%20which%20subpopulations%20can%20benefit%20most%20from%20targeted%20interventions%20aimed%20at%20minimizing%20health%20disparities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2208%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1097%5C%2FEE9.0000000000000326%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222474-7882%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.lww.com%5C%2F10.1097%5C%2FEE9.0000000000000326%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-09-04T17%3A44%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22A79TXHRX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Teyton%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETeyton%2C%20A.%2C%20Ndovu%2C%20A.%2C%20Baer%2C%20R.%20J.%2C%20Bandoli%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282024%29.%20Disparities%20in%20the%20impact%20of%20heat%20wave%20definitions%20on%20emergency%20department%20visits%20during%20the%20first%20year%20of%20life%20among%20preterm%20and%20full-term%20infants%20in%20California.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E248%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20118299.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2024.118299%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2024.118299%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Disparities%20in%20the%20impact%20of%20heat%20wave%20definitions%20on%20emergency%20department%20visits%20during%20the%20first%20year%20of%20life%20among%20preterm%20and%20full-term%20infants%20in%20California%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%5Cu00efs%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Teyton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Allan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ndovu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gretchen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bandoli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2205%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2024.118299%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200139351%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0013935124002032%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-11T23%3A18%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LMJDPGU4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Do%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDo%2C%20V.%2C%20Chen%2C%20C.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Casey%2C%20J.%20A.%20%282024%29.%20Spatial%20Heterogeneity%20of%20the%20Respiratory%20Health%20Impacts%20of%20Wildfire%20Smoke%20PM%20%3Csub%3E2.5%3C%5C%2Fsub%3E%20in%20California.%20%3Ci%3EGeoHealth%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E8%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20e2023GH000997.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023GH000997%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023GH000997%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Spatial%20Heterogeneity%20of%20the%20Respiratory%20Health%20Impacts%20of%20Wildfire%20Smoke%20PM%20%3Csub%3E2.5%3C%5C%2Fsub%3E%20in%20California%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Do%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Casey%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Wildfire%20smoke%20fine%20particles%20%28PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%20are%20a%20growing%20public%20health%20threat%20as%20wildfire%20events%20become%20more%20common%20and%20intense%20under%20climate%20change%2C%20especially%20in%20the%20Western%20United%20States.%20Studies%20assessing%20the%20association%20between%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20exposure%20and%20health%20typically%20summarize%20the%20effects%20over%20the%20study%20area.%20However%2C%20health%20responses%20to%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20may%20vary%20spatially.%20We%20evaluated%20spatially%5Cu2010varying%20respiratory%20acute%20care%20utilization%20risks%20associated%20with%20short%5Cu2010term%20exposure%20to%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20and%20explored%20community%20characteristics%20possibly%20driving%20spatial%20heterogeneity.%20Using%20ensemble%5Cu2010modeled%20daily%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20we%20defined%20a%20wildfire%20smoke%20day%20to%20have%20wildfire%5Cu2010specific%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20concentration%20%5Cu226515%5Cu00a0%5Cu03bcg%5C%2Fm%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%203%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20.%20We%20included%20daily%20respiratory%20emergency%20department%20visits%20and%20unplanned%20hospitalizations%20in%201%2C396%20California%20ZIP%20Code%20Tabulation%20Areas%20%28ZCTAs%29%20and%2015%20census%5Cu2010derived%20community%20characteristics.%20Employing%20a%20case%5Cu2010crossover%20design%20and%20conditional%20logistic%20regression%2C%20we%20observed%20increased%20odds%20of%20respiratory%20acute%20care%20utilization%20on%20wildfire%20smoke%20days%20at%20the%20state%20level%20%28odds%20ratio%20%5BOR%5D%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a01.06%2C%2095%25%20confidence%20interval%20%5BCI%5D%3A%201.05%2C%201.07%29.%20Across%20air%20basins%2C%20ORs%20ranged%20from%200.88%20to%201.57%2C%20with%20the%20highest%20effect%20estimate%20in%20San%20Diego.%20A%20within%5Cu2010community%20matching%20design%20and%20spatial%20Bayesian%20hierarchical%20model%20also%20revealed%20spatial%20heterogeneity%20in%20ZCTA%5Cu2010level%20rate%20differences.%20For%20example%2C%20communities%20with%20a%20higher%20percentage%20of%20Black%20or%20Pacific%20Islander%20residents%20had%20stronger%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu2010outcome%20relationships%2C%20while%20more%20air%20conditioning%20and%20tree%20canopy%20attenuated%20associations.%20We%20found%20an%20important%20heterogeneity%20in%20wildfire%20smoke%5Cu2010related%20health%20impacts%20across%20air%20basins%2C%20counties%2C%20and%20ZCTAs%2C%20and%20we%20identified%20characteristics%20of%20vulnerable%20communities%2C%20providing%20evidence%20to%20guide%20policy%20development%20and%20resource%20allocation.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Wildfire%20smoke%20is%20a%20growing%20public%20health%20threat%2C%20one%20becoming%20more%20pressing%20as%20climate%20change%20progresses.%20People%20are%20exposed%20to%20different%20levels%20of%20wildfire%20smoke.%20People%20also%20have%20different%20abilities%20to%20protect%20themselves%20from%20smoke%20exposure%20based%20on%20their%20job%2C%20housing%20quality%2C%20or%20other%20factors.%20In%20addition%2C%20people%20have%20different%20physiological%20responses%20to%20smoke.%20Therefore%2C%20the%20relationship%20between%20wildfire%20smoke%20and%20health%20could%20vary%20across%20the%20state%20of%20California.%20We%20conducted%20a%20study%20using%20modeled%20daily%20wildfire%20smoke%20fine%20particle%20concentrations%20and%20daily%20respiratory%20acute%20care%20utilizations%202006%5Cu20132019%20in%20California.%20We%20estimated%20area%5Cu2010specific%20wildfire%20smoke%20and%20acute%20care%20utilization%20associations%20at%20state%2C%20air%20basin%2C%20county%2C%20and%20ZIP%20Code%20Tabulation%20Areas%20levels.%20We%20found%20different%20associations%20across%20the%20state%2C%20with%20the%20strongest%20association%20in%20San%20Diego%20air%20basin.%20San%20Francisco%20Bay%20air%20basin%20had%20the%20highest%20number%20of%20acute%20care%20utilizations%20attributable%20to%20wildfire%20smoke%20due%20to%20their%20large%20population.%20We%20identified%20several%20community%20characteristics%20that%20may%20have%20explained%20the%20observed%20spatial%20differences%2C%20including%20higher%20proportions%20of%20Black%20and%20Pacific%20Islander%20populations%20and%20less%20community%20affluence.%20Our%20findings%20support%20the%20allocation%20of%20scarce%20resources%20to%20areas%20and%20communities%20more%20vulnerable%20to%20wildfire%20smoke%20to%20improve%20population%20health%20in%20a%20changing%20climate.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Statewide%2C%20exposure%20to%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20is%20associated%20with%20increased%20odds%20of%20respiratory%20acute%20care%20utilization%20in%20California%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu2010health%20association%20varies%20spatially%20across%20air%20basins%2C%20counties%2C%20and%20ZIP%20Code%20Tabulation%20Areas%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Areas%20with%20higher%20proportions%20of%20Black%20and%20Pacific%20Islander%20populations%20and%20less%20affluence%20had%20worse%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu2010related%20outcomes%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2204%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2023GH000997%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222471-1403%2C%202471-1403%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023GH000997%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-12T21%3A08%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HEBIIZZI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChen%2C%20C.%2C%20Chen%2C%20H.%2C%20Kaufman%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282024%29.%20Differential%20Participation%2C%20a%20Potential%20Cause%20of%20Spurious%20Associations%20in%20Observational%20Cohorts%20in%20Environmental%20Epidemiology.%20%3Ci%3EEpidemiology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E35%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20174%26%23x2013%3B184.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1097%5C%2FEDE.0000000000001711%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1097%5C%2FEDE.0000000000001711%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Differential%20Participation%2C%20a%20Potential%20Cause%20of%20Spurious%20Associations%20in%20Observational%20Cohorts%20in%20Environmental%20Epidemiology%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jay%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaufman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Differential%20participation%20in%20observational%20cohorts%20may%20lead%20to%20biased%20or%20even%20reversed%20estimates.%20In%20this%20article%2C%20we%20describe%20the%20potential%20for%20differential%20participation%20in%20cohorts%20studying%20the%20etiologic%20effects%20of%20long-term%20environmental%20exposures.%20Such%20cohorts%20are%20prone%20to%20differential%20participation%20because%20only%20those%20who%20survived%20until%20the%20start%20of%20follow-up%20and%20were%20healthy%20enough%20before%20enrollment%20will%20participate%2C%20and%20many%20environmental%20exposures%20are%20prevalent%20in%20the%20target%20population%20and%20connected%20to%20participation%20via%20factors%20such%20as%20geography%20or%20frailty.%20The%20relatively%20modest%20effect%20sizes%20of%20most%20environmental%20exposures%20also%20make%20any%20bias%20induced%20by%20differential%20participation%20particularly%20important%20to%20understand%20and%20account%20for.%20We%20discuss%20key%20points%20to%20consider%20for%20evaluating%20differential%20participation%20and%20use%20causal%20graphs%20to%20describe%20two%20example%20mechanisms%20through%20which%20differential%20participation%20can%20occur%20in%20health%20studies%20of%20long-term%20environmental%20exposures.%20We%20use%20a%20real-life%20example%2C%20the%20Canadian%20Community%20Health%20Survey%20cohort%2C%20to%20illustrate%20the%20non-negligible%20bias%20due%20to%20differential%20participation.%20We%20also%20demonstrate%20that%20implementing%20a%20simple%20washout%20period%20may%20reduce%20the%20bias%20and%20recover%20more%20valid%20results%20if%20the%20effect%20of%20interest%20is%20constant%20over%20time.%20Furthermore%2C%20we%20implement%20simulation%20scenarios%20to%20confirm%20the%20plausibility%20of%20the%20two%20mechanisms%20causing%20bias%20and%20the%20utility%20of%20the%20washout%20method.%20Since%20the%20existence%20of%20differential%20participation%20can%20be%20difficult%20to%20diagnose%20with%20traditional%20analytical%20approaches%20that%20calculate%20a%20summary%20effect%20estimate%2C%20we%20encourage%20researchers%20to%20systematically%20investigate%20the%20presence%20of%20time-varying%20effect%20estimates%20and%20potential%20spurious%20patterns%20%28especially%20in%20initial%20periods%20in%20the%20setting%20of%20differential%20participation%29.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2203%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1097%5C%2FEDE.0000000000001711%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221044-3983%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.lww.com%5C%2F10.1097%5C%2FEDE.0000000000001711%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-06T19%3A59%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22I4HB59RL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Letellier%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELetellier%2C%20N.%2C%20Yang%2C%20J.-A.%2C%20Alismail%2C%20S.%2C%20Nukavarapu%2C%20N.%2C%20Hartman%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Rock%2C%20C.%20L.%2C%20Sears%2C%20D.%20D.%2C%20Jankowska%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282024%29.%20Exploring%20the%20impact%20of%20environmental%20exposure%20changes%20on%20metabolic%20biomarkers%3A%20A%206-month%20GPS-GIS%20study%20among%20women%20with%20overweight%20or%20obesity.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E243%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20117881.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2023.117881%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2023.117881%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Exploring%20the%20impact%20of%20environmental%20exposure%20changes%20on%20metabolic%20biomarkers%3A%20A%206-month%20GPS-GIS%20study%20among%20women%20with%20overweight%20or%20obesity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22No%5Cu00e9mie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Letellier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jiue-An%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alismail%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nivedita%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nukavarapu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sheri%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hartman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cheryl%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dorothy%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sears%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marta%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jankowska%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2202%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2023.117881%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200139351%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0013935123026853%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-08T17%3A41%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222KZCZTG5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pierce%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-11-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPierce%2C%20J.%20P.%2C%20Luo%2C%20M.%2C%20McMenamin%2C%20S.%20B.%2C%20Stone%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Leas%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Strong%2C%20D.%2C%20Shi%2C%20Y.%2C%20Kealey%2C%20S.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Messer%2C%20K.%20%282023%29.%20Declines%20in%20cigarette%20smoking%20among%20US%20adolescents%20and%20young%20adults%3A%20indications%20of%20independence%20from%20e-cigarette%20vaping%20surge.%20%3Ci%3ETobacco%20Control%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20tc-2022-057907.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Ftc-2022-057907%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Ftc-2022-057907%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Declines%20in%20cigarette%20smoking%20among%20US%20adolescents%20and%20young%20adults%3A%20indications%20of%20independence%20from%20e-cigarette%20vaping%20surge%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pierce%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Man%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McMenamin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Strong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yuyan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sheila%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kealey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Messer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Objective%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20To%20compare%20trends%20in%20cigarette%20smoking%20and%20nicotine%20vaping%20among%20US%20population%20aged%2017%5Cu201318%5Cu2009years%20and%2018%5Cu201324%5Cu2009years.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Methods%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Regression%20analyses%20identified%20trends%20in%20ever%20and%20current%20use%20of%20cigarettes%20and%20e-cigarettes%2C%20using%20three%20US%20representative%20surveys%20from%201992%20to%202022.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Results%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20From%201997%20to%202020%2C%20cigarette%20smoking%20prevalence%20among%20those%20aged%2018%5Cu201324%5Cu2009years%20decreased%20from%2029.1%25%20%2895%25%20CI%2027.4%25%20to%2030.7%25%29%20to%205.4%25%20%2895%25%20CI%203.9%25%20to%206.9%25%29.%20The%20decline%20was%20highly%20correlated%20with%20a%20decline%20in%20past%2030-day%20smoking%20among%20those%20aged%2017%5Cu201318%5Cu2009years%20%281997%3A%2036.8%25%20%2895%25%20CI%2035.6%25%20to%2037.9%25%3B%202022%3A%203.0%25%20%2895%25%20CI%201.8%25%20to%204.1%25%29.%20From%202017%20to%202019%2C%20both%20ever-vaping%20and%20past%2030-day%20nicotine%20vaping%20%2811.0%25%20to%2025.5%25%29%20surged%20among%20those%2017%5Cu201318%5Cu2009years%2C%20however%20there%20was%20no%20increase%20among%20those%20aged%2018%5Cu201324%5Cu2009years.%20Regression%20models%20demonstrated%20that%20the%20surge%20in%20vaping%20was%20independent%20of%20the%20decline%20in%20cigarette%20smoking.%20In%20the%2024%20most%20populous%20US%20states%2C%20exclusive%20vaping%20did%20increase%20among%20those%20aged%2018%5Cu201324%5Cu2009years%2C%20from%201.7%25%20to%204.0%25%20to%20equivalent%20to%2040%25%20of%20the%20decline%20in%20cigarette%20smoking%20between%202014%5Cu201315%20and%202018%5Cu201319.%20Across%20these%20US%20states%2C%20the%20correlation%20between%20the%20changes%20in%20vaping%20and%20smoking%20prevalence%20was%20low%20%28r%3D0.11%29.%20In%20the%20two%20US%20states%20with%20%3EUS%241%5C%2Ffluid%20mL%20tax%20on%20e-cigarettes%20in%202017%2C%20cigarette%20smoking%20declined%20faster%20than%20the%20US%20average.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Conclusions%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Since%201997%2C%20a%20large%20decline%20in%20cigarette%20smoking%20occurred%20in%20the%20US%20population%20under%20age%2024%20years%2C%20that%20was%20independent%20of%20the%202017%5Cu201319%20adolescent%20surge%20in%20past%2030-day%20e-cigarette%20vaping.%20Further%20research%20is%20needed%20to%20assess%20whether%20the%202014%5Cu201315%20to%202018%5Cu201319%20increase%20in%20exclusive%20vaping%20in%20those%20aged%2018%5Cu201324%5Cu2009years%20is%20a%20cohort%20effect%20from%20earlier%20dependence%20on%20e-cigarette%20vaping%20as%20adolescents.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-11-08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1136%5C%2Ftc-2022-057907%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220964-4563%2C%201468-3318%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftobaccocontrol.bmj.com%5C%2Flookup%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Ftc-2022-057907%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-12-20T00%3A24%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223G2EFA5H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sun%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-10-18%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESun%2C%20Y.%2C%20Headon%2C%20K.%20S.%2C%20Jiao%2C%20A.%2C%20Slezak%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Avila%2C%20C.%20C.%2C%20Chiu%2C%20V.%20Y.%2C%20Sacks%2C%20D.%20A.%2C%20Molitor%2C%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Chen%2C%20J.-C.%2C%20Getahun%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wu%2C%20J.%20%282023%29.%20Association%20of%20Antepartum%20and%20Postpartum%20Air%20Pollution%20Exposure%20With%20Postpartum%20Depression%20in%20Southern%20California.%20%3Ci%3EJAMA%20Network%20Open%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%20e2338315.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1001%5C%2Fjamanetworkopen.2023.38315%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1001%5C%2Fjamanetworkopen.2023.38315%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Association%20of%20Antepartum%20and%20Postpartum%20Air%20Pollution%20Exposure%20With%20Postpartum%20Depression%20in%20Southern%20California%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kathryne%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Headon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anqi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jiao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeff%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slezak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chantal%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Avila%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vicki%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chiu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sacks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Molitor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jiu-Chiuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Darios%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Getahun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Importance%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Women%20are%20especially%20vulnerable%20to%20mental%20health%20matters%20post%20partum%20because%20of%20biological%2C%20emotional%2C%20and%20social%20changes%20during%20this%20period.%20However%2C%20epidemiologic%20evidence%20of%20an%20association%20between%20air%20pollution%20exposure%20and%20postpartum%20depression%20%28PPD%29%20is%20limited.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Objective%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20To%20examine%20the%20associations%20between%20antepartum%20and%20postpartum%20maternal%20air%20pollution%20exposure%20and%20PPD.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Design%2C%20Setting%2C%20and%20Participants%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20This%20retrospective%20cohort%20study%20used%20data%20from%20Kaiser%20Permanente%20Southern%20California%20%28KPSC%29%20electronic%20health%20records%20and%20included%20women%20who%20had%20singleton%20live%20births%20at%20KPSC%20facilities%20between%20January%201%2C%202008%2C%20and%20December%2031%2C%202016.%20Data%20were%20analyzed%20between%20January%201%20and%20May%2010%2C%202023.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Exposures%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Ambient%20air%20pollution%20exposures%20were%20assessed%20based%20on%20maternal%20residential%20addresses%20using%20monthly%20averages%20of%20particulate%20matter%20less%20than%20or%20equal%20to%202.5%20%5Cu03bcm%20%28PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%2C%20particulate%20matter%20less%20than%20or%20equal%20to%2010%20%5Cu03bcm%20%28PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2010%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%2C%20nitrogen%20dioxide%20%28NO%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%2C%20and%20ozone%20%28O%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%203%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%20from%20spatial%20interpolation%20of%20monitoring%20station%20measurements.%20Constituents%20of%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%28sulfate%2C%20nitrate%2C%20ammonium%2C%20organic%20matter%2C%20and%20black%20carbon%29%20were%20obtained%20from%20fine-resolution%20geoscience-derived%20models%20based%20on%20satellite%2C%20ground-based%20monitor%2C%20and%20chemical%20transport%20modeling%20data.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Main%20Outcomes%20and%20Measures%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Participants%20with%20an%20Edinburgh%20Postnatal%20Depression%20Scale%20score%20of%2010%20or%20higher%20during%20the%206%20months%20after%20giving%20birth%20were%20referred%20to%20a%20clinical%20interview%20for%20further%20assessment%20and%20diagnosis.%20Ascertainment%20of%20PPD%20was%20defined%20using%20a%20combination%20of%20diagnostic%20codes%20and%20prescription%20medications.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Results%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20study%20included%20340%5Cu202f679%20participants%20%28mean%20%5BSD%5D%20age%2C%2030.05%20%5B5.81%5D%20years%29%2C%20with%2025%5Cu202f674%20having%20PPD%20%287.54%25%29.%20Increased%20risks%20for%20PPD%20were%20observed%20to%20be%20associated%20with%20per-IQR%20increases%20in%20antepartum%20and%20postpartum%20exposures%20to%20O%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%203%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%28adjusted%20odds%20ratio%20%5BAOR%5D%2C%201.09%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%201.06-1.12%29%2C%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2010%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%28AOR%2C%201.02%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%201.00-1.04%29%2C%20and%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%28AOR%2C%201.02%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%201.%2000-1.03%29%20but%20not%20with%20NO%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3B%20PPD%20risks%20were%20mainly%20associated%20with%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20organic%20matter%20and%20black%20carbon.%20Overall%2C%20a%20higher%20risk%20of%20PPD%20was%20associated%20with%20O%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%203%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20during%20the%20entire%20pregnancy%20and%20postpartum%20periods%20and%20with%20PM%20exposure%20during%20the%20late%20pregnancy%20and%20postpartum%20periods.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Conclusions%20and%20Relevance%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20study%20findings%20suggest%20that%20long-term%20exposure%20to%20antepartum%20and%20postpartum%20air%20pollution%20was%20associated%20with%20higher%20PPD%20risks.%20Identifying%20the%20modifiable%20environmental%20risk%20factors%20and%20developing%20interventions%20are%20important%20public%20health%20issues%20to%20improve%20maternal%20mental%20health%20and%20alleviate%20the%20disease%20burden%20of%20PPD.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-10-18%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1001%5C%2Fjamanetworkopen.2023.38315%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222574-3805%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjamanetwork.com%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fjamanetworkopen%5C%2Ffullarticle%5C%2F2810822%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-11-30T19%3A48%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TKSHE92G%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cavaill%5Cu00e8s%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-10-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECavaill%26%23xE8%3Bs%2C%20C.%2C%20Letellier%2C%20N.%2C%20Berr%2C%20C.%2C%20Samieri%2C%20C.%2C%20Empana%2C%20J.%2C%20Tzourio%2C%20C.%2C%20Dartigues%2C%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Dauvilliers%2C%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Jaussent%2C%20I.%20%282023%29.%20The%20role%20of%20cardiovascular%20health%20and%20vascular%20events%20in%20the%20relationship%20between%20excessive%20daytime%20sleepiness%20and%20dementia%20risk.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Sleep%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20e14053.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjsr.14053%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjsr.14053%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20role%20of%20cardiovascular%20health%20and%20vascular%20events%20in%20the%20relationship%20between%20excessive%20daytime%20sleepiness%20and%20dementia%20risk%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cl%5Cu00e9mence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cavaill%5Cu00e8s%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22No%5Cu00e9mie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Letellier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claudine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berr%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cecilia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Samieri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%5Cu2010Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Empana%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christophe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tzourio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%5Cu2010Fran%5Cu00e7ois%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dartigues%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yves%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dauvilliers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isabelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaussent%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Many%20studies%20suggest%20a%20relationship%20between%20excessive%20daytime%20sleepiness%20%28EDS%29%20and%20dementia%20incidence%2C%20but%20the%20underlying%20mechanisms%20remain%20uncertain.%20The%20study%20aimed%20to%20investigate%20the%20role%20of%20cardiovascular%20burden%20in%20the%20relationship%20between%20EDS%20and%20dementia%20incidence%20over%20a%2012%5Cu2010year%20follow%5Cu2010up%20in%20community%5Cu2010dwelling%20older%20adults.%20We%20performed%20analyses%20on%206171%20subjects%20%28aged%20%5Cu226565%5Cu2009years%29%20free%20of%20dementia%20and%20vascular%20disease%20at%20baseline.%20Participants%20self%5Cu2010reported%20EDS%20at%20baseline%20and%20an%20expert%20committee%20validated%20both%20prevalent%20and%20incident%20dementia.%20We%20defined%20cardiovascular%20burden%20by%20a%20low%20Cardiovascular%20Health%20score%2C%20constructed%20using%20the%20American%20Heart%20Association%20metrics%2C%20and%20incident%20vascular%20events.%20To%20explore%20the%20potential%20role%20of%20the%20cardiovascular%20burden%20in%20the%20relationship%20between%20EDS%20and%20dementia%2C%20we%20conducted%20mediation%20analyses%20with%20inverse%20odds%20ratio%5Cu2010weighted%20estimation%2C%20using%20multivariable%5Cu2010adjusted%20proportional%20hazard%20Cox%20and%20logistic%20regression%20models.%20Subjects%20with%20EDS%20had%20a%20higher%20risk%20of%20all%5Cu2010cause%20dementia%20%28hazard%20ratio%20%5BHR%5D%201.39%2C%2095%25%20confidence%20interval%20%5BCI%5D%201.13%5Cu20131.69%29%20and%20dementia%20with%20vascular%20component%20%28DVC%29%20%28HR%202.14%2C%2095%25%20CI%201.30%5Cu20133.51%29%2C%20but%20not%20Alzheimer%27s%20disease%20%28HR%201.18%2C%2095%25%20CI%200.93%5Cu20131.51%29.%20Cardiovascular%20burden%20explained%205%25%20%2895%25%20CI%204.1%5Cu20135.2%29%20and%2011%25%20%2895%25%20CI%209.7%5Cu201311.3%29%20of%20the%20relationship%20between%20EDS%20and%20all%5Cu2010cause%20dementia%20and%20DVC%2C%20respectively.%20These%20findings%20confirm%20that%20EDS%20may%20be%20implicated%20in%20the%20development%20of%20dementia%20and%20indicate%20a%20weaker%20than%20expected%20role%20of%20cardiovascular%20burden%20in%20the%20relationship%20between%20EDS%20and%20DVC.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-10-11%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fjsr.14053%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220962-1105%2C%201365-2869%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjsr.14053%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-12-01T19%3A40%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QNRKIYVJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jiao%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-09-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJiao%2C%20A.%2C%20Sun%2C%20Y.%2C%20Avila%2C%20C.%2C%20Chiu%2C%20V.%2C%20Slezak%2C%20J.%2C%20Sacks%2C%20D.%20A.%2C%20Abatzoglou%2C%20J.%20T.%2C%20Molitor%2C%20J.%2C%20Chen%2C%20J.-C.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Getahun%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wu%2C%20J.%20%282023%29.%20Analysis%20of%20Heat%20Exposure%20During%20Pregnancy%20and%20Severe%20Maternal%20Morbidity.%20%3Ci%3EJAMA%20Network%20Open%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%20e2332780.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1001%5C%2Fjamanetworkopen.2023.32780%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1001%5C%2Fjamanetworkopen.2023.32780%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Analysis%20of%20Heat%20Exposure%20During%20Pregnancy%20and%20Severe%20Maternal%20Morbidity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anqi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jiao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chantal%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Avila%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vicki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chiu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeff%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slezak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sacks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abatzoglou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Molitor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jiu-Chiuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Darios%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Getahun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Importance%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20rate%20of%20severe%20maternal%20morbidity%20%28SMM%29%20is%20continuously%20increasing%20in%20the%20US.%20Evidence%20regarding%20the%20associations%20of%20climate-related%20exposure%2C%20such%20as%20environmental%20heat%2C%20with%20SMM%20is%20lacking.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Objective%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20To%20examine%20associations%20between%20long-%20and%20short-term%20maternal%20heat%20exposure%20and%20SMM.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Design%2C%20Setting%2C%20and%20Participants%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20This%20retrospective%20population-based%20epidemiological%20cohort%20study%20took%20place%20at%20a%20large%20integrated%20health%20care%20organization%2C%20Kaiser%20Permanente%20Southern%20California%2C%20between%20January%201%2C%202008%2C%20and%20December%2031%2C%202018.%20Data%20were%20analyzed%20from%20February%20to%20April%202023.%20Singleton%20pregnancies%20with%20data%20on%20SMM%20diagnosis%20status%20were%20included.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Exposures%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Moderate%2C%20high%2C%20and%20extreme%20heat%20days%2C%20defined%20as%20daily%20maximum%20temperatures%20exceeding%20the%2075th%2C%2090th%2C%20and%2095th%20percentiles%20of%20the%20time%20series%20data%20from%20May%20through%20September%202007%20to%202018%20in%20Southern%20California%2C%20respectively.%20Long-term%20exposures%20were%20measured%20by%20the%20proportions%20of%20different%20heat%20days%20during%20pregnancy%20and%20by%20trimester.%20Short-term%20exposures%20were%20represented%20by%20binary%20variables%20of%20heatwaves%20with%209%20different%20definitions%20%28combining%20percentile%20thresholds%20with%203%20durations%3B%20ie%2C%20%5Cu22652%2C%20%5Cu22653%2C%20and%20%5Cu22654%20consecutive%20days%29%20during%20the%20last%20gestational%20week.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Main%20Outcomes%20and%20Measures%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20primary%20outcome%20was%20SMM%20during%20delivery%20hospitalization%2C%20measured%20by%2020%20subconditions%20excluding%20blood%20transfusion.%20Discrete-time%20logistic%20regression%20was%20used%20to%20estimate%20associations%20with%20long-%20and%20short-term%20heat%20exposure.%20Effect%20modification%20by%20maternal%20characteristics%20and%20green%20space%20exposure%20was%20examined%20using%20interaction%20terms.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Results%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20There%20were%203446%20SMM%20cases%20%280.9%25%29%20among%20403%5Cu202f602%20pregnancies%20%28mean%20%5BSD%5D%20age%2C%2030.3%20%5B5.7%5D%20years%29.%20Significant%20associations%20were%20observed%20with%20long-term%20heat%20exposure%20during%20pregnancy%20and%20during%20the%20third%20trimester.%20High%20exposure%20%28%5Cu226580th%20percentile%20of%20the%20proportions%29%20to%20extreme%20heat%20days%20during%20pregnancy%20and%20during%20the%20third%20trimester%20were%20associated%20with%20a%2027%25%20%2895%25%20CI%2C%2017%25-37%25%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20P%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu2009%26amp%3Blt%3B%5Cu2009.001%29%20and%2028%25%20%2895%25%20CI%2C%2017%25-41%25%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20P%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu2009%26amp%3Blt%3B%5Cu2009.001%29%20increase%20in%20risk%20of%20SMM%2C%20respectively.%20Elevated%20SMM%20risks%20were%20significantly%20associated%20with%20short-term%20heatwave%20exposure%20under%20all%20heatwave%20definitions.%20The%20magnitude%20of%20associations%20generally%20increased%20from%20the%20least%20severe%20%28HWD1%3A%20daily%20maximum%20temperature%20%26amp%3Bgt%3B75th%20percentile%20lasting%20for%20%5Cu22652%20days%3B%20odds%20ratio%20%5BOR%5D%2C%201.32%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%201.17-1.48%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20P%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu2009%26amp%3Blt%3B%5Cu2009.001%29%20to%20the%20most%20severe%20heatwave%20exposure%20%28HWD9%3A%20daily%20maximum%20temperature%20%26amp%3Bgt%3B95th%20percentile%20lasting%20for%20%5Cu22654%20days%3B%20OR%2C%202.39%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%201.62-3.54%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20P%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu2009%26amp%3Blt%3B%5Cu2009.001%29.%20Greater%20associations%20were%20observed%20among%20mothers%20with%20lower%20educational%20attainment%20%28OR%20for%20high%20exposure%20to%20extreme%20heat%20days%20during%20pregnancy%2C%201.43%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%201.26-1.63%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20P%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu2009%26amp%3Blt%3B%5Cu2009.001%29%20or%20whose%20pregnancies%20started%20in%20the%20cold%20season%20%28November%20through%20April%3B%20OR%2C%201.37%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%201.24-1.53%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20P%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu2009%26amp%3Blt%3B%5Cu2009.001%29.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Conclusions%20and%20Relevance%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20In%20this%20retrospective%20cohort%20study%2C%20long-%20and%20short-term%20heat%20exposure%20during%20pregnancy%20was%20associated%20with%20higher%20risk%20of%20SMM.%20These%20results%20might%20have%20important%20implications%20for%20SMM%20prevention%2C%20particularly%20in%20a%20changing%20climate.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-09-07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1001%5C%2Fjamanetworkopen.2023.32780%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222574-3805%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjamanetwork.com%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fjamanetworkopen%5C%2Ffullarticle%5C%2F2809055%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-11-30T19%3A46%3A29Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224IZ6Q9CR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sheridan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-07-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESheridan%2C%20P.%2C%20Chen%2C%20C.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20C.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282023%29.%20Immortal%20Time%20Bias%20With%20Time-Varying%20Exposures%20in%20Environmental%20Epidemiology%3A%20A%20Case%20Study%20in%20Lung%20Cancer%20Survival.%20%3Ci%3EAmerican%20Journal%20of%20Epidemiology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20kwad135.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Faje%5C%2Fkwad135%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Faje%5C%2Fkwad135%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Immortal%20Time%20Bias%20With%20Time-Varying%20Exposures%20in%20Environmental%20Epidemiology%3A%20A%20Case%20Study%20in%20Lung%20Cancer%20Survival%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paige%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sheridan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Immortal%20time%20bias%20is%20a%20well-recognized%20bias%20in%20clinical%20epidemiology%20but%20is%20rarely%20discussed%20in%20environmental%20epidemiology.%20Under%20the%20target%20trial%20framework%2C%20this%20bias%20is%20formally%20conceptualized%20as%20a%20misalignment%20between%20the%20start%20of%20study%20follow-up%20%28time%200%29%20and%20treatment%20assignment.%20This%20misalignment%20can%20occur%20when%20attained%20duration%20of%20follow-up%20is%20encoded%20into%20treatment%20assignment%20using%20minimums%2C%20maximums%2C%20or%20averages.%20The%20bias%20can%20be%20exacerbated%20in%20the%20presence%20of%20time%20trends%20commonly%20found%20in%20environmental%20exposures.%20Using%20lung%20cancer%20cases%20from%20the%20California%20Cancer%20Registry%20%282000%5Cu20132010%29%20linked%20with%20estimated%20concentrations%20of%20particulate%20matter%20less%20than%20or%20equal%20to%202.5%20%5Cu03bcm%20in%20aerodynamic%20diameter%20%28PM2.5%29%2C%20we%20replicated%20previous%20studies%20that%20averaged%20PM2.5%20exposure%20over%20follow-up%20in%20a%20time-to-event%20model.%20We%20compared%20this%20approach%20with%20one%20that%20ensures%20alignment%20between%20time%200%20and%20treatment%20assignment%2C%20a%20discrete-time%20approach.%20In%20the%20former%20approach%2C%20the%20estimated%20overall%20hazard%20ratio%20for%20a%205-%5Cu03bcg%5C%2Fm3%20increase%20in%20PM2.5%20was%201.38%20%2895%25%20confidence%20interval%3A%201.36%2C%201.40%29.%20Under%20the%20discrete-time%20approach%2C%20the%20estimated%20pooled%20odds%20ratio%20was%200.99%20%2895%25%20confidence%20interval%3A%200.98%2C%201.00%29.%20We%20conclude%20that%20the%20strong%20estimated%20effect%20in%20the%20former%20approach%20was%20likely%20driven%20by%20immortal%20time%20bias%2C%20due%20to%20misalignment%20at%20time%200.%20Our%20findings%20highlight%20the%20importance%20of%20appropriately%20conceptualizing%20a%20time-varying%20environmental%20exposure%20under%20the%20target%20trial%20framework%20to%20avoid%20introducing%20preventable%20systematic%20errors.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-07-03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Faje%5C%2Fkwad135%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220002-9262%2C%201476-6256%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facademic.oup.com%5C%2Faje%5C%2Fadvance-article%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Faje%5C%2Fkwad135%5C%2F7218522%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-13T21%3A55%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222MXIU9I3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ascencio%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-07-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAscencio%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Barja%2C%20A.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Carrasco-Escobar%2C%20G.%20%282023%29.%20Disproportionate%20exposure%20to%20surface-urban%20heat%20islands%20across%20vulnerable%20populations%20in%20Lima%20city%2C%20Peru.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E18%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20074001.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1088%5C%2F1748-9326%5C%2Facdca9%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1088%5C%2F1748-9326%5C%2Facdca9%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Disproportionate%20exposure%20to%20surface-urban%20heat%20islands%20across%20vulnerable%20populations%20in%20Lima%20city%2C%20Peru%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edson%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ascencio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Antony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barja%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carrasco-Escobar%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Climate%20change%20constitutes%20an%20unprecedented%20challenge%20for%20public%20health%20and%20one%20of%20its%20main%20direct%20effects%20are%20extreme%20temperatures.%20It%20varies%20between%20intra-urban%20areas%20and%20this%20difference%20is%20called%20surface%20urban%20heat%20island%20%28SUHI%29%20effect.%20We%20aimed%20to%20assess%20SUHI%20distribution%20among%20socioeconomic%20levels%20in%20Lima%2C%20Peru%20by%20conducting%20a%20cross-sectional%20study%20at%20the%20block-level.%20The%20mean%20land%20surface%20temperature%20%28LST%29%20from%202017%20to%202021%20were%20estimated%20using%20the%20TIRS%20sensor%20%28Landsat-8%20satellite%20%5B0.5%20km%20scale%5D%29%20and%20extracted%20to%20block%20level.%20SUHI%20was%20calculated%20based%20on%20the%20difference%20on%20mean%20LST%20values%20%282017%5Cu20132021%29%20per%20block%20and%20the%20lowest%20LST%20registered%20in%20a%20block.%20Socioeconomic%20data%20were%20obtained%20from%20the%202017%20Peruvian%20census.%20A%20principal%20component%20analysis%20was%20performed%20to%20construct%20a%20socioeconomic%20index%20and%20a%20mixture%20analysis%20based%20on%20quantile%20g-computation%20was%20conducted%20to%20estimate%20the%20joint%20and%20specific%20effects%20of%20socioeconomic%20variables%20on%20SUHI.%20A%20total%20of%2069%20618%20blocks%20were%20included%20in%20the%20analysis.%20In%20the%20Metropolitan%20Lima%20area%2C%20the%20mean%20SUHI%20estimation%20per%20block%20was%206.44%20%28SD%20%3D%201.44%29%20Celsius%20degrees.%20We%20found%20that%20blocks%20with%20high%20socioeconomic%20status%20%28SES%29%20showed%20a%20decreased%20exposure%20to%20SUHI%2C%20compared%20to%20those%20blocks%20where%20the%20low%20SES%20were%20predominant%20%28%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20p%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20-value%20%3C%200.001%29%20and%20that%20there%20is%20a%20significant%20SUHI%20exposure%20variation%20%28%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20p%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20-value%20%3C%200.001%29%20between%20predominant%20ethnicities%20per%20block%20%28Non-White%2C%20Afro-American%2C%20and%20White%20ethnicities%29.%20The%20mixture%20analysis%20showed%20that%20the%20overall%20mixture%20effect%20estimates%20on%20SUHI%20was%20%5Cu22121.01%20%28effect%20on%20SUHI%20of%20increasing%20simultaneously%20every%20socioeconomic%20variable%20by%20one%20quantile%29.%20Our%20study%20highlighted%20that%20populations%20with%20low%20SES%20are%20more%20likely%20to%20be%20exposed%20to%20higher%20levels%20of%20SUHI%20compared%20to%20those%20who%20have%20a%20higher%20SES%20and%20illustrates%20the%20importance%20to%20consider%20SES%20inequalities%20when%20designing%20urban%20adaptation%20strategies%20aiming%20at%20reducing%20exposure%20to%20SUHI.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-07-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1088%5C%2F1748-9326%5C%2Facdca9%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221748-9326%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fiopscience.iop.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F10.1088%5C%2F1748-9326%5C%2Facdca9%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-07-17T19%3A00%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MY4TLP9K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Schwarz%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-05-18%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESchwarz%2C%20E.%2C%20Schwarz%2C%20L.%2C%20Teyton%2C%20A.%2C%20Crist%2C%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282023%29.%20The%20role%20of%20the%20California%20tier%20system%20in%20controlling%20population%20mobility%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic.%20%3Ci%3EBMC%20Public%20Health%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E23%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20905.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12889-023-15858-7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12889-023-15858-7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20role%20of%20the%20California%20tier%20system%20in%20controlling%20population%20mobility%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emilie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schwarz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schwarz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%5Cu00efs%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Teyton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crist%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Background%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Policies%20to%20restrict%20population%20mobility%20are%20a%20commonly%20used%20strategy%20to%20limit%20the%20transmission%20of%20contagious%20diseases.%20Among%20measures%20implemented%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20were%20dynamic%20stay-at-home%20orders%20informed%20by%20real-time%2C%20regional-level%20data.%20California%20was%20the%20first%20state%20in%20the%20U.S.%20to%20implement%20this%20novel%20approach%3B%20however%2C%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20California%5Cu2019s%20four-tier%20system%20on%20population%20mobility%20has%20not%20been%20quantified.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Methods%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Utilizing%20data%20from%20mobile%20devices%20and%20county-level%20demographic%20data%2C%20we%20evaluated%20the%20impact%20of%20policy%20changes%20on%20population%20mobility%20and%20explored%20whether%20demographic%20characteristics%20explained%20variability%20in%20responsiveness%20to%20policy%20changes.%20For%20each%20California%20county%2C%20we%20calculated%20the%20proportion%20of%20people%20staying%20home%20and%20the%20average%20number%20of%20daily%20trips%20taken%20per%20100%20persons%2C%20across%20different%20trip%20distances%20and%20compared%20this%20to%20pre-COVID-19%20levels.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Results%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20found%20that%20overall%20mobility%20decreased%20when%20counties%20moved%20to%20a%20more%20restrictive%20tier%20and%20increased%20when%20moving%20to%20a%20less%20restrictive%20tier%2C%20as%20the%20policy%20intended.%20When%20placed%20in%20a%20more%20restrictive%20tier%2C%20the%20greatest%20decrease%20in%20mobility%20was%20observed%20for%20shorter%20and%20medium-range%20trips%2C%20while%20there%20was%20an%20unexpected%20increase%20in%20the%20longer%20trips.%20The%20mobility%20response%20varied%20by%20geographic%20region%2C%20as%20well%20as%20county-level%20median%20income%2C%20gross%20domestic%20product%2C%20economic%2C%20social%2C%20and%20educational%20contexts%2C%20the%20prevalence%20of%20farms%2C%20and%20recent%20election%20results.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Conclusions%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20This%20analysis%20provides%20evidence%20of%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20the%20tier-based%20system%20in%20decreasing%20overall%20population%20mobility%20to%20ultimately%20reduce%20COVID-19%20transmission.%20Results%20demonstrate%20that%20socio-political%20demographic%20indicators%20drive%20important%20variability%20in%20such%20patterns%20across%20counties.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-05-18%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2Fs12889-023-15858-7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221471-2458%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12889-023-15858-7%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-07-17T22%3A43%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M4WGJ9Y7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nianogo%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-04-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENianogo%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20O%26%23x2019%3BNeill%2C%20S.%20%282023%29.%20A%20comparison%20of%20quasi-experimental%20methods%20with%20data%20before%20and%20after%20an%20intervention%3A%20an%20introduction%20for%20epidemiologists%20and%20a%20simulation%20study.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Journal%20of%20Epidemiology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20dyad032.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fije%5C%2Fdyad032%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fije%5C%2Fdyad032%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20comparison%20of%20quasi-experimental%20methods%20with%20data%20before%20and%20after%20an%20intervention%3A%20an%20introduction%20for%20epidemiologists%20and%20a%20simulation%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roch%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nianogo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%5Cu2019Neill%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Background%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20As%20the%20interest%20in%20and%20use%20of%20quasi-experimental%20methods%20to%20evaluate%20impacts%20of%20health%20policies%20have%20dramatically%20increased%20in%20the%20epidemiological%20literature%2C%20we%20set%20out%20this%20study%20to%20%28i%29%20systematically%20compare%20several%20quasi-experimental%20methods%20that%20use%20data%20before%20and%20after%20an%20intervention%20and%20contrast%20their%20performance%20within%20a%20simulation%20framework%20while%20providing%20a%20brief%20overview%20of%20the%20methods%3B%20and%20%28ii%29%20discuss%20challenges%20that%20could%20arise%20from%20using%20these%20methods%20as%20well%20as%20directions%20for%20future%20research%20in%20the%20context%20of%20epidemiological%20applications.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Methods%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20considered%20single-group%20designs%20%5Bpre-post%20and%20interrupted%20time%20series%20%28ITS%29%5D%20and%20multiple-group%20designs%20%5Bcontrolled%20interrupted%20time%20series%5C%2Fdifference-in-differences%2C%20synthetic%20control%20methods%20%28SCMs%29%3A%20traditional%20SCMs%20and%20generalized%20SCMs%5D.%20We%20assessed%20performance%20based%20on%20bias%20and%20root%20mean%20squared%20error.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Results%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20identified%20settings%20in%20which%20each%20method%20failed%20to%20provide%20unbiased%20estimates.%20We%20found%20that%2C%20among%20the%20methods%20investigated%2C%20when%20data%20for%20multiple%20time%20points%20and%20for%20multiple%20control%20groups%20are%20available%20%28multiple-group%20designs%29%2C%20data-adaptive%20methods%20such%20as%20the%20generalized%20SCM%20were%20generally%20less%20biased%20than%20other%20methods%20evaluated%20in%20our%20study.%20In%20addition%2C%20when%20all%20of%20the%20included%20units%20have%20been%20exposed%20to%20treatment%20%28single-group%20designs%29%20and%20data%20for%20a%20sufficiently%20long%20pre-intervention%20period%20are%20available%2C%20then%20the%20ITS%20performs%20very%20well%2C%20provided%20the%20underlying%20model%20is%20correctly%20specified.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Conclusions%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20When%20using%20a%20quasi-experimental%20method%20using%20data%20before%20and%20after%20an%20intervention%2C%20epidemiologists%20should%20strive%20to%20use%2C%20whenever%20feasible%2C%20data-adaptive%20methods%20that%20nest%20alternative%20identifying%20assumptions%20including%20relaxing%20the%20parallel%20trend%20assumption%20%28e.g.%20generalized%20SCMs%29.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-04-06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fije%5C%2Fdyad032%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220300-5771%2C%201464-3685%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facademic.oup.com%5C%2Fije%5C%2Fadvance-article%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fije%5C%2Fdyad032%5C%2F7110226%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-02T22%3A55%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2229D4UDU4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Vel%5Cu00e1squez%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-04-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EVel%26%23xE1%3Bsquez%2C%20E.%20E.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Casey%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Aguilera%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kiang%2C%20M.%20V.%20%282023%29.%20Quantifying%20Exposure%20to%20Wildfire%20Smoke%20Among%20Schoolchildren%20in%20California%2C%202006%20to%202021.%20%3Ci%3EJAMA%20Network%20Open%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20e235863.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1001%5C%2Fjamanetworkopen.2023.5863%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1001%5C%2Fjamanetworkopen.2023.5863%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quantifying%20Exposure%20to%20Wildfire%20Smoke%20Among%20Schoolchildren%20in%20California%2C%202006%20to%202021%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Esther%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vel%5Cu00e1squez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joan%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Casey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rosana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aguilera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mathew%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kiang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20cross-sectional%20study%20quantifies%20exposure%20to%20wildfire%20particulate%20matter%20less%20than%202.5%20%5Cu03bcm%20among%20schoolchildren%20in%20California.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-04-05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1001%5C%2Fjamanetworkopen.2023.5863%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222574-3805%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjamanetwork.com%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fjamanetworkopen%5C%2Ffullarticle%5C%2F2803124%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-14T18%3A46%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223IJFNC79%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Koemel%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-03-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKoemel%2C%20N.%20A.%2C%20Senior%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Holmes%2C%20A.%2C%20Okada%2C%20M.%2C%20Oulhote%2C%20Y.%2C%20Parker%2C%20H.%20M.%2C%20Shah%2C%20S.%2C%20Simpson%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Raubenheimer%2C%20D.%2C%20Gill%2C%20T.%20P.%2C%20Laouali%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Skilton%2C%20M.%20R.%20%282023%29.%20Diet%20Quality%2C%20Microbial%20Lignan%20Metabolites%2C%20and%20Cardiometabolic%20Health%20among%20US%20Adults.%20%3Ci%3ENutrients%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E15%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%201412.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fnu15061412%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fnu15061412%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Diet%20Quality%2C%20Microbial%20Lignan%20Metabolites%2C%20and%20Cardiometabolic%20Health%20among%20US%20Adults%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicholas%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koemel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alistair%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Senior%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holmes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mirei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Okada%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Youssef%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oulhote%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helen%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sanam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simpson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Raubenheimer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nasser%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laouali%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Skilton%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20gut%20microbiome%20has%20been%20shown%20to%20play%20a%20role%20in%20the%20relationship%20between%20diet%20and%20cardiometabolic%20health.%20We%20sought%20to%20examine%20the%20degree%20to%20which%20key%20microbial%20lignan%20metabolites%20are%20involved%20in%20the%20relationship%20between%20diet%20quality%20and%20cardiometabolic%20health%20using%20a%20multidimensional%20framework.%20This%20analysis%20was%20undertaken%20using%20cross-sectional%20data%20from%204685%20US%20adults%20%28age%2043.6%20%5Cu00b1%2016.5%20years%3B%2050.4%25%20female%29%20participating%20in%20the%20National%20Health%20and%20Nutrition%20Examination%20Survey%20for%201999%5Cu20132010.%20Dietary%20data%20were%20collected%20from%20one%20to%20two%20separate%2024-hour%20dietary%20recalls%20and%20diet%20quality%20was%20characterized%20using%20the%202015%20Healthy%20Eating%20Index.%20Cardiometabolic%20health%20markers%20included%20blood%20lipid%20profile%2C%20glycemic%20control%2C%20adiposity%2C%20and%20blood%20pressure.%20Microbial%20lignan%20metabolites%20considered%20were%20urinary%20concentrations%20of%20enterolignans%2C%20including%20enterolactone%20and%20enterodiol%2C%20with%20higher%20levels%20indicating%20a%20healthier%20gut%20microbial%20environment.%20Models%20were%20visually%20examined%20using%20a%20multidimensional%20approach%20and%20statistically%20analyzed%20using%20three-dimensional%20generalized%20additive%20models.%20There%20was%20a%20significant%20interactive%20association%20between%20diet%20quality%20and%20microbial%20lignan%20metabolites%20for%20triglycerides%2C%20low-density%20lipoprotein%20cholesterol%2C%20high-density%20lipoprotein%20cholesterol%2C%20insulin%2C%20oral%20glucose%20tolerance%2C%20adiposity%2C%20systolic%20blood%20pressure%2C%20and%20diastolic%20blood%20pressure%20%28all%20p%20%3C%200.05%29.%20Each%20of%20these%20cardiometabolic%20health%20markers%20displayed%20an%20association%20such%20that%20optimal%20cardiometabolic%20health%20was%20only%20observed%20in%20individuals%20with%20both%20high%20diet%20quality%20and%20elevated%20urinary%20enterolignans.%20When%20comparing%20effect%20sizes%20on%20the%20multidimensional%20response%20surfaces%20and%20model%20selection%20criteria%2C%20the%20strongest%20support%20for%20a%20potential%20moderating%20relationship%20of%20the%20gut%20microbiome%20was%20observed%20for%20fasting%20triglycerides%20and%20oral%20glucose%20tolerance.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20revealed%20interactive%20associations%20of%20diet%20quality%20and%20microbial%20lignan%20metabolites%20with%20cardiometabolic%20health%20markers.%20These%20findings%20suggest%20that%20the%20overall%20association%20of%20diet%20quality%20on%20cardiometabolic%20health%20may%20be%20affected%20by%20the%20gut%20microbiome.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-03-15%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Fnu15061412%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222072-6643%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mdpi.com%5C%2F2072-6643%5C%2F15%5C%2F6%5C%2F1412%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T17%3A21%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LQWWIQTN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Teyton%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-02-22%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETeyton%2C%20A.%2C%20Baer%2C%20R.%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bandoli%2C%20G.%20%282023%29.%20Exposure%20to%20Air%20Pollution%20and%20Emergency%20Department%20Visits%20During%20the%20First%20Year%20of%20Life%20Among%20Preterm%20and%20Full-term%20Infants.%20%3Ci%3EJAMA%20Network%20Open%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20e230262.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1001%5C%2Fjamanetworkopen.2023.0262%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1001%5C%2Fjamanetworkopen.2023.0262%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Exposure%20to%20Air%20Pollution%20and%20Emergency%20Department%20Visits%20During%20the%20First%20Year%20of%20Life%20Among%20Preterm%20and%20Full-term%20Infants%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%5Cu00efs%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Teyton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gretchen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bandoli%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Importance%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Previous%20studies%20have%20focused%20on%20exposure%20to%20fine%20particulate%20matter%202.5%20%5Cu03bcm%20or%20less%20in%20diameter%20%28PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%20and%20on%20birth%20outcome%20risks%3B%20however%2C%20few%20studies%20have%20evaluated%20the%20health%20consequences%20of%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20exposure%20on%20infants%20during%20their%20first%20year%20of%20life%20and%20whether%20prematurity%20could%20exacerbate%20such%20risks.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Objective%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20To%20assess%20the%20association%20of%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20exposure%20with%20emergency%20department%20%28ED%29%20visits%20during%20the%20first%20year%20of%20life%20and%20determine%20whether%20preterm%20birth%20status%20modifies%20the%20association.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Design%2C%20Setting%2C%20and%20Participants%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20This%20individual-level%20cohort%20study%20used%20data%20from%20the%20Study%20of%20Outcomes%20in%20Mothers%20and%20Infants%20cohort%2C%20which%20includes%20all%20live-born%2C%20singleton%20deliveries%20in%20California.%20Data%20from%20infants%5Cu2019%20health%20records%20through%20their%20first%20birthday%20were%20included.%20Participants%20included%202%5Cu202f175%5Cu202f180%20infants%20born%20between%202014%20and%202018%2C%20and%20complete%20data%20were%20included%20for%20an%20analytic%20sample%20of%201%5Cu202f983%5Cu202f700%20%2891.2%25%29.%20Analysis%20was%20conducted%20from%20October%202021%20to%20September%202022.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Exposures%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Weekly%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20exposure%20at%20the%20residential%20ZIP%20code%20at%20birth%20was%20estimated%20from%20an%20ensemble%20model%20combining%20multiple%20machine%20learning%20algorithms%20and%20several%20potentially%20associated%20variables.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Main%20Outcomes%20and%20Measures%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Main%20outcomes%20included%20the%20first%20all-cause%20ED%20visit%20and%20the%20first%20infection-%20and%20respiratory-related%20visits%20separately.%20Hypotheses%20were%20generated%20after%20data%20collection%20and%20prior%20to%20analysis.%20Pooled%20logistic%20regression%20models%20with%20a%20discrete%20time%20approach%20assessed%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20exposure%20and%20time%20to%20ED%20visits%20during%20each%20week%20of%20the%20first%20year%20of%20life%20and%20across%20the%20entire%20year.%20Preterm%20birth%20status%2C%20sex%2C%20and%20payment%20type%20for%20delivery%20were%20assessed%20as%20effect%20modifiers.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Results%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Of%20the%201%5Cu202f983%5Cu202f700%20infants%2C%20979%5Cu202f038%20%2849.4%25%29%20were%20female%2C%20966%5Cu202f349%20%2848.7%25%29%20were%20Hispanic%2C%20and%20142%5Cu202f081%20%287.2%25%29%20were%20preterm.%20Across%20the%20first%20year%20of%20life%2C%20the%20odds%20of%20an%20ED%20visit%20for%20any%20cause%20were%20greater%20among%20both%20preterm%20%28AOR%2C%201.056%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%201.048-1.064%29%20and%20full-term%20%28AOR%2C%201.051%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%201.049-1.053%29%20infants%20for%20each%205-%5Cu03bcg%5C%2Fm%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%203%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20increase%20in%20exposure%20to%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20.%20Elevated%20odds%20were%20also%20observed%20for%20infection-related%20ED%20visit%20%28preterm%3A%20AOR%2C%201.035%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%201.001-1.069%3B%20full-term%3A%20AOR%2C%201.053%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%201.044-1.062%29%20and%20first%20respiratory-related%20ED%20visit%20%28preterm%3A%20AOR%2C%201.080%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%201.067-1.093%3B%20full-term%3A%20AOR%2C1.065%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%201.061-1.069%29.%20For%20both%20preterm%20and%20full-term%20infants%2C%20ages%2018%20to%2023%20weeks%20were%20associated%20with%20the%20greatest%20odds%20of%20all-cause%20ED%20visits%20%28AORs%20ranged%20from%201.034%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%200.976-1.094%20to%201.077%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%201.022-1.135%29.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Conclusions%20and%20Relevance%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Increasing%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20exposure%20was%20associated%20with%20an%20increased%20ED%20visit%20risk%20for%20both%20preterm%20and%20full-term%20infants%20during%20the%20first%20year%20of%20life%2C%20which%20may%20have%20implications%20for%20interventions%20aimed%20at%20minimizing%20air%20pollution.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-02-22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1001%5C%2Fjamanetworkopen.2023.0262%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222574-3805%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjamanetwork.com%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fjamanetworkopen%5C%2Ffullarticle%5C%2F2801735%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-24T22%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MT279Y4A%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Epstein%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-02-22%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEpstein%2C%20A.%2C%20Harris%2C%20O.%20O.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Camlin%2C%20C.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Weiser%2C%20S.%20D.%20%282023%29.%20Do%20precipitation%20anomalies%20influence%20short-term%20mobility%20in%20sub-saharan%20Africa%3F%20An%20observational%20study%20from%2023%20countries.%20%3Ci%3EBMC%20Public%20Health%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E23%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20377.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12889-023-15264-z%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12889-023-15264-z%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Do%20precipitation%20anomalies%20influence%20short-term%20mobility%20in%20sub-saharan%20Africa%3F%20An%20observational%20study%20from%2023%20countries%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adrienne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Epstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Orlando%20O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carol%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Camlin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sheri%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weiser%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Background%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Precipitation%20anomalies%20are%20associated%20with%20a%20number%20of%20poor%20health%20outcomes.%20One%20potential%20consequence%20of%20precipitation%20extremes%20is%20human%20geographic%20mobility.%20We%20evaluated%20the%20associations%20between%20precipitation%20anomalies%20%28droughts%20and%20heavy%20rains%29%20and%20short-term%20mobility%20in%2023%20sub-Saharan%20African%20countries%20by%20linking%20satellite%20data%20on%20precipitation%20to%20cross-sectional%20representative%20surveys.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Methods%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Using%20data%20from%2023%20Demographic%20and%20Health%20Surveys%20from%202011%20to%202017%2C%20we%20estimated%20the%20associations%20between%20deviations%20in%20long-term%20rainfall%20trends%20and%20short-term%20mobility%20among%20294%2C539%20women%20and%20136%2C415%20men%20over%2015%20years%20of%20age.%20We%20fit%20multivariable%20logistic%20regression%20models%20to%20assess%20potential%20non-linear%20relationships%20between%20rainfall%20deviations%20and%20short-term%20mobility%2C%20adjusting%20for%20survey%20month%20and%20socio-demographic%20covariates%2C%20and%20stratified%20by%20participant%20gender.%20Furthermore%2C%20we%20assessed%20whether%20these%20associations%20differed%20by%20marital%20status.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Results%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Rainfall%20deviations%20were%20associated%20with%20short-term%20mobility%20among%20women%2C%20but%20not%20men.%20The%20relationship%20between%20rainfall%20deviations%20and%20mobility%20among%20women%20was%20U-shaped%2C%20such%20that%20women%20had%20increased%20marginal%20probabilities%20of%20mobility%20in%20instances%20of%20both%20lower%20and%20heavier%20precipitation.%20Differences%20between%20married%20and%20unmarried%20women%20were%20also%20revealed%3A%20among%20married%20women%2C%20we%20found%20positive%20associations%20between%20both%20rainfall%20deviation%20extremes%20%28drought%20and%20heavy%20rains%29%20and%20mobility%3B%20however%2C%20among%20unmarried%20women%2C%20there%20was%20only%20a%20positive%20association%20for%20heavy%20rains.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Conclusion%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Precipitation%20anomalies%20were%20associated%20with%20short-term%20mobility%20among%20women%2C%20which%20may%20be%20in%20turn%20associated%20with%20poor%20health%20outcomes.%20More%20research%20with%20longitudinal%20data%20is%20needed%20to%20elaborate%20the%20associations%20between%20weather%20shocks%2C%20mobility%2C%20and%20downstream%20health%20impacts.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-02-22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2Fs12889-023-15264-z%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221471-2458%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12889-023-15264-z%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-10T22%3A40%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22989IIDJ8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Alari%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-02-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAlari%2C%20A.%2C%20Chen%2C%20C.%2C%20Schwarz%2C%20L.%2C%20Hdansen%2C%20K.%2C%20Chaix%2C%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282023%29.%20The%20Role%20of%20Ozone%20as%20a%20Mediator%20of%20the%20Relationship%20Between%20Heat%20Waves%20and%20Mortality%20in%2015%20French%20Urban%20Areas.%20%3Ci%3EAmerican%20Journal%20of%20Epidemiology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20kwad032.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Faje%5C%2Fkwad032%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Faje%5C%2Fkwad032%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Role%20of%20Ozone%20as%20a%20Mediator%20of%20the%20Relationship%20Between%20Heat%20Waves%20and%20Mortality%20in%2015%20French%20Urban%20Areas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alari%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schwarz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hdansen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Basile%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chaix%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Heat%20and%20tropospheric%20ozone%20have%20acute%20impacts%20on%20rates%20of%20premature%20death.%20Warm%20temperatures%20affect%20the%20photochemical%20processes%20in%20ozone%20formation%2C%20suggesting%20ozone%20as%20a%20mediator%20of%20the%20acute%20health%20effect%20of%20heat%20on%20mortality.%20We%20assembled%20a%20summertime%20daily%20time-series%20data%20set%20of%2015%20French%20urban%20areas%20during%202000%5Cu20132015%20to%20decompose%20the%20acute%20total%20effect%20of%20heat%20waves%20on%20mortality%20into%20natural%20direct%20and%20indirect%20effects%20using%20a%20regression-based%20product%20method%20under%20the%20potential%20outcomes%20framework.%20For%20each%20area%2C%20we%20estimated%20the%20effect%20of%20heat%20waves%20on%20mortality%20using%20a%20quasi-Poisson%20model%20with%20adjustment%20for%20covariates%20such%20as%20lagged%20nitrogen%20dioxide%20concentration%2C%20and%20we%20modeled%20ozone%20with%20a%20linear%20regression%20of%20heat%20waves%20and%20the%20same%20set%20of%20covariates.%20We%20pooled%20estimates%20across%20areas%20using%20random-effects%20models.%20We%20also%20provide%20R%20software%20code%20%28R%20Foundation%20for%20Statistical%20Computing%2C%20Vienna%2C%20Austria%29%20with%20which%20to%20reproduce%20or%20replicate%20our%20analysis.%20Most%20areas%20demonstrated%20evidence%20of%20mediation%20by%20ozone%2C%20with%20the%20pooled%20relative%20risks%20for%20natural%20indirect%20effects%20being%201.03%20%2895%25%20confidence%20interval%20%28CI%29%3A%201.02%2C%201.05%29%2C%201.03%20%2895%25%20CI%3A%201.01%2C%201.04%29%2C%20and%201.04%20%2895%25%20CI%3A%201.00%2C%201.07%29%20for%20nonaccidental%2C%20cardiovascular%2C%20and%20respiratory%20mortality%2C%20respectively.%20We%20found%20evidence%20of%20a%20mediation%20effect%20by%20ozone%20in%20the%20association%20between%20heat%20waves%20and%20mortality%20in%20France%20which%20varied%20by%20geographic%20location%20and%20cause%20of%20mortality.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-02-09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Faje%5C%2Fkwad032%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220002-9262%2C%201476-6256%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facademic.oup.com%5C%2Faje%5C%2Fadvance-article%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Faje%5C%2Fkwad032%5C%2F7032905%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T17%3A53%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VDT9QWH6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Laouali%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-01-29%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELaouali%2C%20N.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Lanphear%2C%20B.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Oulhote%2C%20Y.%20%282023%29.%20Associations%20with%20Blood%20Lead%20and%20Urinary%20Cadmium%20Concentrations%20in%20Relation%20to%20Mortality%20in%20the%20US%20Population%3A%20A%20Causal%20Survival%20Analysis%20with%20G-Computation.%20%3Ci%3EToxics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E11%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20133.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Ftoxics11020133%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Ftoxics11020133%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Associations%20with%20Blood%20Lead%20and%20Urinary%20Cadmium%20Concentrations%20in%20Relation%20to%20Mortality%20in%20the%20US%20Population%3A%20A%20Causal%20Survival%20Analysis%20with%20G-Computation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nasser%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laouali%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruce%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lanphear%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Youssef%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oulhote%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Using%20the%20parametric%20g-formula%2C%20we%20estimated%20the%2027-year%20risk%20of%20all-cause%20and%20specific%20causes%20of%20mortality%20under%20different%20potential%20interventions%20for%20blood%20lead%20%28BLLs%29%20and%20urinary%20cadmium%20%28UCd%29%20levels.%20We%20used%20data%20on%2014%2C311%20adults%20aged%20%5Cu226520%20years%20enrolled%20in%20the%20NHANES-III%20between%201988%20and%201994%20and%20followed%20up%20through%2031%20Dec%2031%202015.%20Time%20and%20cause%20of%20death%20were%20determined%20from%20the%20National%20Death%20Index%20records.%20We%20used%20the%20parametric%20g-formula%20with%20pooled%20logistic%20regression%20models%20to%20estimate%20the%20relative%20and%20absolute%20risk%20of%20all-cause%2C%20cardiovascular%2C%20and%20cancer%20mortality%20under%20different%20potential%20threshold%20interventions%20for%20BLLs%20and%20UCd%20concentrations.%20Median%20follow-up%20was%2022.5%20years.%20A%20total%20of%205167%20%2836%25%29%20participants%20died%20by%20the%20end%20of%20the%20study%2C%20including%201550%20from%20cardiovascular%20diseases%20and%201135%20from%20cancer.%20Increases%20in%20BLLs%20and%20creatinine-corrected%20UCd%20levels%20from%20the%205th%20to%20the%2095th%20percentiles%20were%20associated%20with%20risk%20differences%20of%204.17%25%20%281.54%20to%208.77%29%20and%206.22%25%20%284.51%20to%2012.00%29%20for%20all-cause%20mortality%2C%201.52%25%20%280.09%20to%203.74%29%20and%201.06%25%20%28%5Cu22120.57%20to%203.50%29%20for%20cardiovascular%20disease%20mortality%2C%20and%201.32%25%20%28%5Cu22120.09%20to%203.67%29%20and%200.64%25%20%28%5Cu22120.98%20to%202.80%29%20for%20cancer%20mortality%2C%20respectively.%20Interventions%20to%20reduce%20historical%20exposures%20to%20lead%20and%20cadmium%20may%20have%20prevented%20premature%20deaths%2C%20especially%20from%20cardiovascular%20disease.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-01-29%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Ftoxics11020133%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222305-6304%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mdpi.com%5C%2F2305-6304%5C%2F11%5C%2F2%5C%2F133%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-10T22%3A16%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DB24RQ5N%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dimitrova%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-01-17%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDimitrova%2C%20A.%2C%20Carrasco-Escobar%2C%20G.%2C%20Richardson%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282023%29.%20Essential%20childhood%20immunization%20in%2043%20low-%20and%20middle-income%20countries%3A%20Analysis%20of%20spatial%20trends%20and%20socioeconomic%20inequalities%20in%20vaccine%20coverage.%20%3Ci%3EPLOS%20Medicine%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E20%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20e1004166.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pmed.1004166%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pmed.1004166%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Essential%20childhood%20immunization%20in%2043%20low-%20and%20middle-income%20countries%3A%20Analysis%20of%20spatial%20trends%20and%20socioeconomic%20inequalities%20in%20vaccine%20coverage%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dimitrova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carrasco-Escobar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Richardson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Globally%2C%20access%20to%20life-saving%20vaccines%20has%20improved%20considerably%20in%20the%20past%205%20decades.%20However%2C%20progress%20has%20started%20to%20slow%20down%20and%20even%20reverse%20in%20recent%20years.%20Understanding%20subnational%20heterogeneities%20in%20essential%20child%20immunization%20will%20be%20critical%20for%20closing%20the%20global%20vaccination%20gap.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Methods%20and%20findings%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20use%20vaccination%20information%20for%20over%20220%2C000%20children%20across%201%2C366%20administrative%20regions%20in%2043%20low-%20and%20middle-income%20countries%20%28LMICs%29%20from%20the%20most%20recent%20Demographic%20and%20Health%20Surveys.%20We%20estimate%20essential%20immunization%20coverage%20at%20the%20national%20and%20subnational%20levels%20and%20quantify%20socioeconomic%20inequalities%20in%20such%20coverage%20using%20adjusted%20concentration%20indices.%20Within-%20and%20between-country%20variations%20are%20summarized%20via%20the%20Theil%20index.%20We%20use%20local%20indicator%20of%20spatial%20association%20%28LISA%29%20statistics%20to%20identify%20clusters%20of%20administrative%20regions%20with%20high%20or%20low%20values.%20Finally%2C%20we%20estimate%20the%20number%20of%20missed%20vaccinations%20among%20children%20aged%2015%20to%2035%20months%20across%20all%2043%20countries%20and%20the%20types%20of%20vaccines%20most%20often%20missed.%20We%20show%20that%20national-level%20vaccination%20rates%20can%20conceal%20wide%20subnational%20heterogeneities.%20Large%20gaps%20in%20child%20immunization%20are%20found%20across%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%20and%20in%20South%20Asia%2C%20particularly%20in%20regions%20of%20Angola%2C%20Chad%2C%20Nigeria%2C%20Guinea%2C%20and%20Afghanistan%2C%20where%20less%20than%2010%25%20of%20children%20are%20fully%20immunized.%20Furthermore%2C%20children%20living%20in%20these%20countries%20consistently%20lack%20all%204%20basic%20vaccines%20included%20in%20the%20WHO%5Cu2019s%20recommended%20schedule%20for%20young%20children.%20Across%20most%20countries%2C%20children%20from%20poorer%20households%20are%20less%20likely%20to%20be%20fully%20immunized.%20The%20main%20limitations%20include%20subnational%20estimates%20based%20on%20large%20administrative%20divisions%20for%20some%20countries%20and%20different%20periods%20of%20survey%20data%20collection.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Conclusions%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20identified%20heterogeneities%20in%20essential%20childhood%20immunization%2C%20especially%20given%20that%20some%20regions%20consistently%20are%20underserved%20for%20all%20basic%20vaccines%2C%20can%20be%20used%20to%20inform%20the%20design%20and%20implementation%20of%20localized%20intervention%20programs%20aimed%20at%20eliminating%20child%20suffering%20and%20deaths%20from%20existing%20and%20novel%20vaccine-preventable%20diseases.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-1-17%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pmed.1004166%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221549-1676%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.plos.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pmed.1004166%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-07-17T21%3A10%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JZ234E5Q%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dimitrova%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-01-17%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDimitrova%2C%20A.%2C%20Gershunov%2C%20A.%2C%20Levy%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282023%29.%20Uncovering%20social%20and%20environmental%20factors%20that%20increase%20the%20burden%20of%20climate-sensitive%20diarrheal%20infections%20on%20children.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E120%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20e2119409120.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2119409120%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2119409120%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Uncovering%20social%20and%20environmental%20factors%20that%20increase%20the%20burden%20of%20climate-sensitive%20diarrheal%20infections%20on%20children%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dimitrova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexander%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gershunov%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Morgan%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Levy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Climate-sensitive%20infectious%20diseases%20are%20an%20issue%20of%20growing%20concern%20due%20to%20global%20warming%20and%20the%20related%20increase%20in%20the%20incidence%20of%20extreme%20weather%20and%20climate%20events.%20Diarrhea%2C%20which%20is%20strongly%20associated%20with%20climatic%20factors%2C%20remains%20among%20the%20leading%20causes%20of%20child%20death%20globally%2C%20disproportionately%20affecting%20populations%20in%20low-%20and%20middle-income%20countries%20%28LMICs%29.%20We%20use%20survey%20data%20for%2051%20LMICs%20between%202000%20and%202019%20in%20combination%20with%20gridded%20climate%20data%20to%20estimate%20the%20association%20between%20precipitation%20shocks%20and%20reported%20symptoms%20of%20diarrheal%20illness%20in%20young%20children.%20We%5Cu00a0account%20for%20differences%20in%20exposure%20risk%20by%20climate%20type%20and%20explore%20the%20modifying%20role%20of%20various%20social%20factors.%20We%20find%20that%20droughts%20are%20positively%20associated%20with%20diarrhea%20in%20the%20tropical%20savanna%20regions%2C%20particularly%20during%20the%20dry%20season%20and%20dry-to-wet%20and%20wet-to-dry%20transition%20seasons.%20In%20the%20humid%20subtropical%20regions%2C%20we%20find%20that%20heavy%20precipitation%20events%20are%20associated%20with%20increased%20risk%20of%20diarrhea%20during%20the%20dry%20season%20and%20the%20transition%20from%20dry-to-wet%20season.%20Our%20analysis%20of%20effect%20modifiers%20highlights%20certain%20social%20vulnerabilities%20that%20exacerbate%20these%20associations%20in%20the%20two%20climate%20zones%20and%20present%20opportunities%20for%20public%20health%20intervention.%20For%20example%2C%20we%20show%20that%20stool%20disposal%20practices%2C%20child%20feeding%20practices%2C%20and%20immunizing%20against%20the%20rotavirus%20modify%20the%20association%20between%20drought%20and%20diarrhea%20in%20the%20tropical%20savanna%20regions.%20In%5Cu00a0the%20humid%20subtropical%20regions%2C%20household%5Cu2019s%20source%20of%20water%20and%20water%20disinfection%20practices%20modify%20the%20association%20between%20heavy%20precipitation%20and%20diarrhea.%20The%20evidence%20of%20effect%20modification%20varies%20depending%20on%20the%20type%20and%20duration%20of%20the%20precipitation%20shock.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-01-17%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2119409120%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220027-8424%2C%201091-6490%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpnas.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2119409120%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%2C%227J6PFJNF%22%2C%22XSDDJ8II%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-23T16%3A05%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225SA2QV28%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wagner%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-01-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWagner%2C%20V.%2C%20Pascal%2C%20M.%2C%20Corso%2C%20M.%2C%20Alari%2C%20A.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Le%20Tertre%2C%20A.%20%282023%29.%20On%20the%20supra-linearity%20of%20the%20relationship%20between%20air%20pollution%2C%20mortality%20and%20hospital%20admission%20in%2018%20French%20cities.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Archives%20of%20Occupational%20and%20Environmental%20Health%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00420-022-01948-3%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00420-022-01948-3%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22On%20the%20supra-linearity%20of%20the%20relationship%20between%20air%20pollution%2C%20mortality%20and%20hospital%20admission%20in%2018%20French%20cities%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V%5Cu00e9r%5Cu00e8ne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wagner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mathilde%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pascal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Magali%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Corso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alari%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Tertre%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-01-05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00420-022-01948-3%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220340-0131%2C%201432-1246%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flink.springer.com%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00420-022-01948-3%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-01-26T00%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XB7QVCKH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ante-Testard%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAnte-Testard%2C%20P.%20A.%2C%20Carrasco-Escobar%2C%20G.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Temime%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Jean%2C%20K.%20%282023%29.%20Investigating%20inequalities%20in%20HIV%20testing%20in%20sub-Saharan%20Africa%3A%20spatial%20analysis%20of%20cross-sectional%20population-based%20surveys%20in%2025%20countries.%20%3Ci%3EBMJ%20Open%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E13%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29%2C%20e072403.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fbmjopen-2023-072403%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fbmjopen-2023-072403%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Investigating%20inequalities%20in%20HIV%20testing%20in%20sub-Saharan%20Africa%3A%20spatial%20analysis%20of%20cross-sectional%20population-based%20surveys%20in%2025%20countries%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pearl%20Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ante-Testard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carrasco-Escobar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Temime%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00e9vin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jean%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Objectives%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20aim%20to%20explore%20spatial%20variations%20in%20socioeconomic%20inequalities%20in%20HIV%20testing%20uptake%20in%20sub-Saharan%20Africa%20%28SSA%29%20at%20different%20geographical%20scales%20to%20identify%20potential%20geographical%20hotspots%20of%20inequalities.%20Additionally%2C%20to%20evaluate%20the%20potential%20benefits%20of%20HIV%20testing%20programmes%2C%20we%20assess%20whether%20local%20levels%20of%20HIV%20testing%20match%20the%20local%20levels%20of%20HIV%20prevalence.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Design%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20A%20multi-country%20analysis%20of%20population-based%20cross-sectional%20surveys%20in%20SSA.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Setting%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20analysed%20data%20from%2025%20SSA%20countries%20with%20Demographic%20and%20Health%20Surveys%20between%202011%20and%202019.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Participants%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Country-level%20analysis%20included%20473%5Cu2009775%20participants%20%28312%5Cu2009104%5Cu2009women%20and%20161%5Cu2009671%20men%29%20and%20cluster-level%20analysis%20included%20328%5Cu2009283%20individuals%20%28241%5Cu2009084%5Cu2009women%20and%2087%5Cu2009199%20men%29.%20Women%20aged%2015%5Cu201349%20years%20and%20men%20aged%2015%5Cu201354%5C%2F59%20years%20in%20selected%20households%20who%20were%20tested%20for%20HIV%20in%20the%20last%2012%20months%20were%20eligible.%20We%20quantified%20inequalities%20in%20self-reported%20recent%20HIV%20testing%20with%20the%20Slope%20Index%20of%20Inequality%20%28SII%29%20and%20the%20Relative%20Index%20of%20Inequality%20%28RII%29%20across%20geographical%20scales%20to%20capture%20sex-specific%20within-country%20spatial%20variations.%20We%20also%20conducted%20local%20Getis-Ord%20Gi%2A%20statistics%20to%20consider%20the%20autocorrelation%20in%20fine-scale%20SII%20and%20RII%20across%20countries.%20To%20assess%20the%20efficiency%20of%20HIV%20testing%20programmes%2C%20we%20measured%20the%20correlation%20between%20recent%20HIV%20testing%20and%20HIV%20prevalence%20through%20Spearman%20correlation%20across%20geographical%20scales.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Results%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20observed%20varying%20inequalities%20in%20recent%20HIV%20testing%20in%20magnitude%20and%20spatial%20distribution%20on%20both%20absolute%20and%20relative%20scales%20in%20many%20countries%20for%20both%20sexes%20at%20national%20and%20subnational%20levels.%20Hotspots%20of%20absolute%20and%20relative%20inequalities%20were%20mostly%20observed%20in%20Western%20and%20Central%20Africa%20with%20a%20few%20regions%20in%20Eastern%20and%20Southern%20Africa.%20Despite%20significant%20sex-specific%20correlations%20between%20testing%20and%20prevalence%20in%20all%20countries%20when%20assessed%20at%20the%20national%20level%2C%20we%20report%20an%20absence%20of%20such%20a%20correlation%20at%20fine%20scale%20in%2017%20of%2050%20sex-country%20combinations.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Conclusions%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20highlight%20the%20importance%20of%20investigating%20the%20spatial%20variability%20of%20various%20HIV%20indicators%20and%20related%20inequalities%20across%20different%20geographical%20levels.%20Results%20may%20help%20inform%20an%20equitable%20distribution%20of%20HIV%20testing%20services.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2212%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1136%5C%2Fbmjopen-2023-072403%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222044-6055%2C%202044-6055%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbmjopen.bmj.com%5C%2Flookup%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fbmjopen-2023-072403%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-12T17%3A52%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223YM5I8WQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChen%2C%20A.%20I.%2C%20Ebisu%2C%20K.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Basu%2C%20R.%20%282023%29.%20Emergency%20department%20visits%20associated%20with%20wildfire%20smoke%20events%20in%20California%2C%202016%26%23x2013%3B2019.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E238%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20117154.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2023.117154%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2023.117154%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Emergency%20department%20visits%20associated%20with%20wildfire%20smoke%20events%20in%20California%2C%202016%5Cu20132019%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Annie%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Keita%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ebisu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rupa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Basu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2212%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2023.117154%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200139351%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0013935123019588%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-11-30T21%3A34%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IRIHZMCZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wulayin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWulayin%2C%20M.%2C%20Zhu%2C%20Z.%2C%20Wang%2C%20H.%2C%20Chen%2C%20X.%2C%20Zhang%2C%20X.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Luo%2C%20J.%2C%20Liang%2C%20Q.%2C%20Chen%2C%20W.%2C%20Lin%2C%20H.%2C%20Liu%2C%20Y.%2C%20Shi%2C%20C.%2C%20Xu%2C%20R.%2C%20Huang%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wang%2C%20Q.%20%282023%29.%20The%20mediation%20of%20the%20placenta%20on%20the%20association%20between%20maternal%20ambient%20temperature%20exposure%20and%20birth%20weight.%20%3Ci%3EScience%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E901%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20165912.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2023.165912%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2023.165912%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20mediation%20of%20the%20placenta%20on%20the%20association%20between%20maternal%20ambient%20temperature%20exposure%20and%20birth%20weight%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maimaitiminjiang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wulayin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zhenghong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Huailin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xiaoxin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jiajun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Qianhong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Weiyi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hualiang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yuewei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chunxiang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ruijun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cunrui%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Qiong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2211%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2023.165912%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200489697%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0048969723045370%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-14T18%3A51%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226ERLAZB5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Darling%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDarling%2C%20R.%2C%20Hansen%2C%20K.%2C%20Aguilera%2C%20R.%2C%20Basu%2C%20R.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Letellier%2C%20N.%20%282023%29.%20The%20Burden%20of%20Wildfire%20Smoke%20on%20Respiratory%20Health%20in%20California%20at%20the%20Zip%20Code%20Level%3A%20Uncovering%20the%20Disproportionate%20Impacts%20of%20Differential%20Fine%20Particle%20Composition.%20%3Ci%3EGeoHealth%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%20e2023GH000884.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023GH000884%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023GH000884%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Burden%20of%20Wildfire%20Smoke%20on%20Respiratory%20Health%20in%20California%20at%20the%20Zip%20Code%20Level%3A%20Uncovering%20the%20Disproportionate%20Impacts%20of%20Differential%20Fine%20Particle%20Composition%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Darling%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hansen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rosana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aguilera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rupa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Basu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22No%5Cu00e9mie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Letellier%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Wildfires%20constitute%20a%20growing%20source%20of%20extremely%20high%20levels%20of%20particulate%20matter%20that%20is%20less%20than%202.5%20microns%20in%20diameter%20%28PM2.5%29.%20Recently%2C%20toxicologic%20and%20epidemiologic%20studies%20have%20shown%20that%20PM2.5%20generated%20from%20wildfires%20may%20have%20a%20greater%20health%20burden%20than%20PM2.5%20generated%20from%20other%20pollutant%20sources.%20This%20study%20examined%20the%20impact%20of%20PM2.5%20on%20hospitalizations%20for%20respiratory%20diseases%20in%20California%20between%202006%20and%202019%20using%20a%20health%20impact%20assessment%20approach%20that%20considers%20differential%20concentration%5Cu2010response%20functions%20%28CRF%29%20for%20PM2.5%20from%20wildfire%20and%20non%5Cu2010wildfire%20sources%20of%20emissions.%20We%20quantified%20the%20burden%20of%20respiratory%20hospitalizations%20related%20to%20PM2.5%20exposure%20at%20the%20zip%20code%20level%20through%20two%20different%20approaches%3A%20%28a%29%20na%5Cu00efve%20%28considering%20the%20same%20CRF%20for%20all%20PM2.5%20emissions%29%20and%20%28b%29%20nuanced%20%28considering%20different%20CRFs%20for%20PM2.5%20from%20wildfires%20and%20from%20other%20sources%29.%20We%20conducted%20a%20Geographically%20Weighted%20Regression%20to%20analyze%20spatially%20varying%20relationships%20between%20the%20delta%20%28i.e.%2C%20the%20difference%20between%20the%20na%5Cu00efve%20and%20nuanced%20approaches%29%20and%20the%20Centers%20for%20Disease%20Control%20and%20Prevention%27s%20Social%20Vulnerability%20Index%20%28SVI%29.%20A%20higher%20attributable%20number%20of%20respiratory%20hospitalizations%20was%20found%20when%20accounting%20for%20the%20larger%20health%20burden%20of%20wildfire%20PM2.5.%20We%20found%20that%2C%20between%202006%20and%202019%2C%20the%20number%20of%20hospitalizations%20attributable%20to%20PM2.5%20may%20have%20been%20underestimated%20by%20approximately%2013%25%20as%20a%20result%20of%20not%20accounting%20for%20the%20higher%20CRF%20of%20wildfire%5Cu2010related%20PM2.5%20throughout%20California.%20This%20underestimation%20was%20higher%20in%20northern%20California%20and%20areas%20with%20higher%20SVI%20rankings.%20The%20relationship%20between%20delta%20and%20SVI%20varied%20spatially%20across%20California.%20These%20findings%20can%20be%20useful%20for%20updating%20future%20air%20pollution%20guideline%20recommendations.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Climate%20change%20is%20leading%20to%20an%20increase%20in%20the%20frequency%20and%20intensity%20of%20extreme%20weather%20events%2C%20including%20wildfires.%20Wildfire%20smoke%20is%20a%20large%20source%20of%20particulate%20matter%20%28i.e.%2C%20fine%20inhalable%20particles%29%20that%20could%20have%20a%20greater%20health%20burden%20than%20particulate%20matter%20from%20other%20sources%20%28e.g.%2C%20vehicle%20or%20industrial%20emissions%29.%20We%20aimed%20to%20quantify%20the%20burden%20of%20respiratory%20hospitalizations%20related%20to%20all%20particulate%20matter%20exposure%20in%20California%20for%20the%20years%202006%5Cu20132019%20with%20and%20without%20considering%20the%20differential%20health%20burden%20of%20wildfire%20smoke.%20We%20then%20compared%20these%20two%20approaches%20to%20quantify%20the%20number%20of%20respiratory%20hospitalizations%20that%20may%20have%20been%20underestimated%20in%20the%20past%20by%20not%20taking%20into%20account%20the%20higher%20health%20burden%20of%20wildfire%20smoke.%20We%20found%20that%20throughout%20California%2C%20between%202006%20and%202019%2C%20we%20may%20have%20underestimated%20the%20number%20of%20respiratory%20hospitalizations%20attributable%20to%20particulate%20matter%20exposure%20by%20approximately%20410%2C000%20%2813%25%29.%20This%20underestimation%20was%20higher%20in%20northern%20California%20and%20in%20vulnerable%20areas.%20These%20results%20may%20be%20helpful%20for%20updating%20recommendations%20in%20upcoming%20air%20pollution%20guidelines%20and%20for%20protecting%20communities%20at%20higher%20risk%20from%20wildfire%20smoke.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20By%20not%20considering%20the%20differential%20health%20burden%20of%20wildfire%20PM2.5%2C%20we%20underestimate%20the%20number%20of%20hospitalizations%20attributable%20to%20PM2.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20In%20California%2C%20between%202006%20and%202019%2C%20the%20number%20of%20hospitalizations%20attributable%20to%20PM2.5%20may%20have%20been%20underestimated%20by%20approximately%2013%25%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Underestimation%20of%20PM2.5%5Cu2010attributable%20hospitalizations%20was%20higher%20in%20vulnerable%20areas%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2210%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2023GH000884%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222471-1403%2C%202471-1403%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023GH000884%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-12T21%3A37%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZU3Z5EMG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Letellier%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELetellier%2C%20N.%2C%20Yang%2C%20J.-A.%2C%20Cavaill%26%23xE8%3Bs%2C%20C.%2C%20Casey%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Carrasco-Escobar%2C%20G.%2C%20Zamora%2C%20S.%2C%20Jankowska%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282023%29.%20Aircraft%20and%20road%20traffic%20noise%2C%20insulin%20resistance%2C%20and%20diabetes%3A%20The%20role%20of%20neighborhood%20socioeconomic%20status%20in%20San%20Diego%20County.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Pollution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E335%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20122277.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envpol.2023.122277%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envpol.2023.122277%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Aircraft%20and%20road%20traffic%20noise%2C%20insulin%20resistance%2C%20and%20diabetes%3A%20The%20role%20of%20neighborhood%20socioeconomic%20status%20in%20San%20Diego%20County%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22No%5Cu00e9mie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Letellier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jiue-An%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cl%5Cu00e9mence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cavaill%5Cu00e8s%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joan%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Casey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carrasco-Escobar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zamora%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marta%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jankowska%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2210%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.envpol.2023.122277%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2202697491%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0269749123012794%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-11T23%3A43%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VKMAETWR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22McBrien%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMcBrien%2C%20H.%2C%20Rowland%2C%20S.%20T.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Tartof%2C%20S.%20Y.%2C%20Steiger%2C%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Casey%2C%20J.%20A.%20%282023%29.%20Wildfire%20Exposure%20and%20Health%20Care%20Use%20Among%20People%20Who%20Use%20Durable%20Medical%20Equipment%20in%20Southern%20California.%20%3Ci%3EEpidemiology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E34%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20700%26%23x2013%3B711.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1097%5C%2FEDE.0000000000001634%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1097%5C%2FEDE.0000000000001634%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Wildfire%20Exposure%20and%20Health%20Care%20Use%20Among%20People%20Who%20Use%20Durable%20Medical%20Equipment%20in%20Southern%20California%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heather%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McBrien%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sebastian%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rowland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tartof%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Steiger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joan%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Casey%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%3A%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20People%20using%20electricity-dependent%20durable%20medical%20equipment%20%28DME%29%20may%20be%20vulnerable%20to%20health%20effects%20from%20wildfire%20smoke%2C%20residence%20near%20wildfires%2C%20or%20residence%20in%20evacuation%20zones.%20To%20our%20knowledge%2C%20no%20studies%20have%20examined%20their%20healthcare%20utilization%20during%20wildfires.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Methods%3A%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20obtained%202016%5Cu20132020%20counts%20of%20residential%20Zip%20Code%20Tabulation%20Area%20%28ZCTA%29%20level%20outpatient%2C%20emergency%20department%20%28ED%29%2C%20and%20inpatient%20visits%20made%20by%20DME-using%20Kaiser%20Permanente%20Southern%20California%20members%2045%2B.%20We%20linked%20counts%20to%20daily%20ZCTA-level%20wildfire%20particulate%20matter%20%28PM%29%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20and%20wildfire%20boundary%20and%20evacuation%20data%20from%20the%202018%20Woolsey%20and%202019%20Getty%20wildfires.%20We%20estimated%20the%20association%20of%20lagged%20%28up%20to%207%20days%29%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20and%20residence%20near%20a%20fire%20or%20in%20an%20evacuation%20zone%20and%20healthcare%20visit%20frequency%20with%20negative%20binomial%20and%20difference-in-differences%20models.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Results%3A%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Among%20236%2C732%20DME%20users%2C%2010%20%5Cu00b5g%5C%2Fm%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%203%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20increases%20in%20wildfire%20PM%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202.5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20concentration%20were%20associated%20with%20the%20reduced%20rate%20%28RR%20%3D%200.96%3B%2095%25%20confidence%20interval%20%5BCI%5D%20%3D%200.94%2C%200.99%29%20of%20all-cause%20outpatient%20visits%201%20day%20after%20exposure%20and%20increased%20rate%20on%204%20of%205%20subsequent%20days%20%28RR%20range%201.03%5Cu20131.12%29.%20Woolsey%20Fire%20proximity%20%28%3C20%20km%29%20was%20associated%20with%20reduced%20all-cause%20outpatient%20visits%2C%20whereas%20evacuation%20and%20proximity%20were%20associated%20with%20increased%20inpatient%20cardiorespiratory%20visits%20%28proximity%20RR%20%3D%201.45%3B%2095%25%20CI%20%3D%200.99%2C%202.12%2C%20evacuation%20RR%20%3D%201.72%3B%2095%25%20CI%20%3D%201.00%2C%202.96%29.%20Neither%20Getty%20Fire%20proximity%20nor%20evacuation%20was%20associated%20with%20healthcare%20visit%20frequency.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Conclusions%3A%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Our%20results%20support%20the%20hypothesis%20that%20wildfire%20smoke%20or%20proximity%20interrupts%20DME%20users%5Cu2019%20routine%20outpatient%20care%2C%20via%20sheltering%20in%20place.%20However%2C%20wildfire%20exposures%20were%20also%20associated%20with%20increased%20urgent%20healthcare%20utilization%20in%20this%20vulnerable%20group.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2209%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1097%5C%2FEDE.0000000000001634%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221044-3983%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.lww.com%5C%2F10.1097%5C%2FEDE.0000000000001634%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-14T18%3A56%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TCSM787S%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Alari%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAlari%2C%20A.%2C%20Letellier%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%20%282023%29.%20Effect%20of%20different%20heat%20wave%20timing%20on%20cardiovascular%20and%20respiratory%20mortality%20in%20France.%20%3Ci%3EScience%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E892%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20164543.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2023.164543%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2023.164543%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effect%20of%20different%20heat%20wave%20timing%20on%20cardiovascular%20and%20respiratory%20mortality%20in%20France%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alari%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Noemie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Letellier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2209%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2023.164543%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200489697%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0048969723031649%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-13T00%3A36%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S6VNS8ZM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Garber%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGarber%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Guidi%2C%20M.%2C%20Bousselot%2C%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Dean%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Rojas-Rueda%2C%20D.%20%282023%29.%20Impact%20of%20native-plants%20policy%20scenarios%20on%20premature%20mortality%20in%20Denver%3A%20A%20quantitative%20health%20impact%20assessment.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironment%20International%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E178%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20108050.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envint.2023.108050%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envint.2023.108050%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Impact%20of%20native-plants%20policy%20scenarios%20on%20premature%20mortality%20in%20Denver%3A%20A%20quantitative%20health%20impact%20assessment%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guidi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bousselot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rojas-Rueda%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2208%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.envint.2023.108050%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201604120%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0160412023003239%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-13T00%3A40%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224UUZXKT9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Molitor%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMolitor%2C%20J.%2C%20Sun%2C%20Y.%2C%20Rubio%2C%20V.%20G.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Chen%2C%20J.-C.%2C%20Avila%2C%20C.%2C%20Sacks%2C%20D.%20A.%2C%20Chiu%2C%20V.%2C%20Slezak%2C%20J.%2C%20Getahun%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wu%2C%20J.%20%282023%29.%20Modeling%20spatially%20varying%20compliance%20effects%20of%20PM2.5%20exposure%20reductions%20on%20gestational%20diabetes%20mellitus%20in%20southern%20California%3A%20Results%20from%20electronic%20health%20record%20data%20of%20a%20large%20pregnancy%20cohort.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E231%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20116091.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2023.116091%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2023.116091%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Modeling%20spatially%20varying%20compliance%20effects%20of%20PM2.5%20exposure%20reductions%20on%20gestational%20diabetes%20mellitus%20in%20southern%20California%3A%20Results%20from%20electronic%20health%20record%20data%20of%20a%20large%20pregnancy%20cohort%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Molitor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Virgilio%20G%5Cu00f3mez%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rubio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jiu-Chiuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chantal%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Avila%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sacks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vicki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chiu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeff%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slezak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Darios%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Getahun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2208%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2023.116091%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200139351%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0013935123008836%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-07-17T22%3A34%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YHBT2Q9S%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Buteau%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EButeau%2C%20S.%2C%20Yankoty%2C%20L.%20I.%2C%20Letellier%2C%20N.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Gamache%2C%20P.%2C%20Plante%2C%20C.%2C%20Goudreau%2C%20S.%2C%20Blais%2C%20C.%2C%20Perron%2C%20S.%2C%20Fournier%2C%20M.%2C%20Ragettli%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Smargiassi%2C%20A.%20%282023%29.%20Associations%20between%20environmental%20noise%20and%20myocardial%20infarction%20and%20stroke%3A%20Investigating%20the%20potential%20mediating%20effects%20of%20hypertension.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E231%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20116092.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2023.116092%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2023.116092%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Associations%20between%20environmental%20noise%20and%20myocardial%20infarction%20and%20stroke%3A%20Investigating%20the%20potential%20mediating%20effects%20of%20hypertension%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22St%5Cu00e9phane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buteau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Larisa%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yankoty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22No%5Cu00e9mie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Letellier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gamache%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9line%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Plante%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sophie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goudreau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claudia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blais%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22St%5Cu00e9phane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perron%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fournier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martina%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ragettli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smargiassi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2208%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.envres.2023.116092%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200139351%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0013935123008848%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-16T22%3A28%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AQJFDJAJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jiao%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJiao%2C%20A.%2C%20Sun%2C%20Y.%2C%20Avila%2C%20C.%2C%20Chiu%2C%20V.%2C%20Molitor%2C%20J.%2C%20Slezak%2C%20J.%2C%20Sacks%2C%20D.%20A.%2C%20Chen%2C%20J.-C.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EBenmarhnia%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20T.%2C%20Getahun%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wu%2C%20J.%20%282023%29.%20Maternal%20exposure%20to%20ambient%20air%20pollution%20mixture%20and%20premature%20rupture%20of%20membranes%3A%20Evidence%20from%20a%20large%20cohort%20in%20Southern%20California%20%282008%26%23x2013%3B2018%29.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironment%20International%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E177%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20108030.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envint.2023.108030%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envint.2023.108030%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Maternal%20exposure%20to%20ambient%20air%20pollution%20mixture%20and%20premature%20rupture%20of%20membranes%3A%20Evidence%20from%20a%20large%20cohort%20in%20Southern%20California%20%282008%5Cu20132018%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anqi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jiao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chantal%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Avila%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vicki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chiu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Molitor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeff%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slezak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sacks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jiu-Chiuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benmarhnia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Darios%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Getahun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2207%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.envint.2023.108030%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201604120%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0160412023003033%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EW3V3PSJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-13T00%3A44%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Batomen, B., & Benmarhnia, T. (2024). Staggered interventions with no control groups. International Journal of Epidemiology, 53(6), dyae137. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae137
Garber, M. D., Teyton, A., Jankowska, M. M., Carrasco-Escobar, G., Rojas-Rueda, D., Barja-Ingaruca, A., & Benmarhnia, T. (2024). Is home where the heat is? comparing residence-based with mobility-based measures of heat exposure in San Diego, California. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00715-5
Hale, M. L., Merrifield, M. A., Clemesha, R. E. S., Gershunov, A., Guirguis, K., Benmarhnia, T., Dorman, C., & Iacobellis, S. F. (2024). Mean Summer Land Temperatures in the Southern California Coastal Zone: Connections With Ocean Processes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 129(14), e2023JD040188. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD040188
Geldsetzer, P., Fridljand, D., Kiang, M. V., Bendavid, E., Heft-Neal, S., Burke, M., Thieme, A. H., & Benmarhnia, T. (2024). Disparities in air pollution attributable mortality in the US population by race/ethnicity and sociodemographic factors. Nature Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03117-0
Bai, L., Kwong, J. C., Kaufman, J. S., Benmarhnia, T., Chen, C., Van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., Kim, J., Lu, H., Burnett, R. T., & Chen, H. (2024). Effect modification by statin use status on the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and cardiovascular mortality. International Journal of Epidemiology, 53(4), dyae084. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae084
Christou, A., Beretsou, V. G., Iakovides, I. C., Karaolia, P., Michael, C., Benmarhnia, T., Chefetz, B., Donner, E., Gawlik, B. M., Lee, Y., Lim, T. T., Lundy, L., Maffettone, R., Rizzo, L., Topp, E., & Fatta-Kassinos, D. (2024). Sustainable wastewater reuse for agriculture. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 5(7), 504–521. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-00560-y
Sun, Y., Bhuyan, R., Jiao, A., Avila, C. C., Chiu, V. Y., Slezak, J. M., Sacks, D. A., Molitor, J., Benmarhnia, T., Chen, J.-C., Getahun, D., & Wu, J. (2024). Association between particulate air pollution and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: A retrospective cohort study. PLOS Medicine, 21(4), e1004395. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004395
Ruxin, T. R., Morgenroth, D. C., Benmarhnia, T., & Halsne, E. G. (2024). The impact of climate change and related extreme weather on people with limb loss. PM&R, pmrj.13154. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.13154
Casey, J. A., Kioumourtzoglou, M.-A., Padula, A., González, D. J. X., Elser, H., Aguilera, R., Northrop, A. J., Tartof, S. Y., Mayeda, E. R., Braun, D., Dominici, F., Eisen, E. A., Morello-Frosch, R., & Benmarhnia, T. (2024). Measuring long-term exposure to wildfire PM 2.5 in California: Time-varying inequities in environmental burden. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(8), e2306729121. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2306729121
Ante-Testard, P. A., Rerolle, F., Nguyen, A. T., Ashraf, S., Parvez, S. M., Naser, A. M., Benmarhnia, T., Rahman, M., Luby, S. P., Benjamin-Chung, J., & Arnold, B. F. (2024). WASH interventions and child diarrhea at the interface of climate and socioeconomic position in Bangladesh. Nature Communications, 15(1), 1556. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45624-1
Chen, C., Schwarz, L., Rosenthal, N., Marlier, M. E., & Benmarhnia, T. (2024). Exploring spatial heterogeneity in synergistic effects of compound climate hazards: Extreme heat and wildfire smoke on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations in California. Science Advances, 10(5), eadj7264. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj7264
Lasky, E., Costello, S., Ndovu, A., Aguilera, R., Weiser, S. D., & Benmarhnia, T. (2024). The health benefits of reducing micro-heat islands: A 22-year analysis of the impact of urban temperature reduction on heat-related illnesses in California’s major cities. Science of The Total Environment, 949, 175284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175284
Hansen, K., Schwartzman, A., Schwarz, L., Teyton, A., Basu, R., & Benmarhnia, T. (2024). The spatial distribution of heat related hospitalizations and classification of the most dangerous heat events in California at a small-scale level. Environmental Research, 261, 119667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.119667
Maya, S., Thakur, N., Benmarhnia, T., Weiser, S. D., & Kahn, J. G. (2024). The Impact of Wildfire Smoke on Asthma Control in California: A Microsimulation Approach. GeoHealth, 8(10), e2024GH001037. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GH001037
Jang, M., Yoon, J., Yun, Y., Kim, J., Jang, H., Benmarhnia, T., & Han, C. (2024). Changes in Healthcare Utilization After the 2022 Seoul Metropolitan Flood: Applying a Generalized Synthetic Control Approach. GeoHealth, 8(10), e2024GH001084. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GH001084
Wang, H., Zhu, Z., Benmarhnia, T., Chen, X., Jalaludin, B., Wulayin, M., Huang, C., Zhang, T., Xu, L., & Wang, Q. (2024). Estimation of couple fecundity in the general population and the association with monthly time-varying ambient particulate matter exposure in low- and middle-income countries: A population-based multi-center epidemiological study. Environment International, 191, 108951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108951
Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Benmarhnia, T., Zhang, K., Lin, S., Deng, X., Gu, H., Wu, W., Lin, X., Du, Z., Wang, Y., Qu, Y., Lin, Z., Zhang, M., Sun, Y., Dong, G., Wei, Y., Zhang, W., & Hao, Y. (2024). The effect of residential greenness on cardiovascular mortality from a large cohort in South China: An in-depth analysis of effect modification by multiple demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Environment International, 190, 108894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108894
Teyton, A., Nukavarapu, N., Letellier, N., Sears, D. D., Yang, J.-A., Jankowska, M. M., & Benmarhnia, T. (2024). Simulating the impact of greenspace exposure on metabolic biomarkers in a diverse population living in San Diego, California: A g-computation application. Environmental Epidemiology, 8(4), e326. https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000326
Teyton, A., Ndovu, A., Baer, R. J., Bandoli, G., & Benmarhnia, T. (2024). Disparities in the impact of heat wave definitions on emergency department visits during the first year of life among preterm and full-term infants in California. Environmental Research, 248, 118299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.118299
Do, V., Chen, C., Benmarhnia, T., & Casey, J. A. (2024). Spatial Heterogeneity of the Respiratory Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke PM 2.5 in California. GeoHealth, 8(4), e2023GH000997. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GH000997
Chen, C., Chen, H., Kaufman, J. S., & Benmarhnia, T. (2024). Differential Participation, a Potential Cause of Spurious Associations in Observational Cohorts in Environmental Epidemiology. Epidemiology, 35(2), 174–184. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001711
Letellier, N., Yang, J.-A., Alismail, S., Nukavarapu, N., Hartman, S. J., Rock, C. L., Sears, D. D., Jankowska, M. M., & Benmarhnia, T. (2024). Exploring the impact of environmental exposure changes on metabolic biomarkers: A 6-month GPS-GIS study among women with overweight or obesity. Environmental Research, 243, 117881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.117881
Pierce, J. P., Luo, M., McMenamin, S. B., Stone, M. D., Leas, E. C., Strong, D., Shi, Y., Kealey, S., Benmarhnia, T., & Messer, K. (2023). Declines in cigarette smoking among US adolescents and young adults: indications of independence from e-cigarette vaping surge. Tobacco Control, tc-2022-057907. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2022-057907
Sun, Y., Headon, K. S., Jiao, A., Slezak, J. M., Avila, C. C., Chiu, V. Y., Sacks, D. A., Molitor, J., Benmarhnia, T., Chen, J.-C., Getahun, D., & Wu, J. (2023). Association of Antepartum and Postpartum Air Pollution Exposure With Postpartum Depression in Southern California. JAMA Network Open, 6(10), e2338315. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.38315
Cavaillès, C., Letellier, N., Berr, C., Samieri, C., Empana, J., Tzourio, C., Dartigues, J., Benmarhnia, T., Dauvilliers, Y., & Jaussent, I. (2023). The role of cardiovascular health and vascular events in the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness and dementia risk. Journal of Sleep Research, e14053. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.14053
Jiao, A., Sun, Y., Avila, C., Chiu, V., Slezak, J., Sacks, D. A., Abatzoglou, J. T., Molitor, J., Chen, J.-C., Benmarhnia, T., Getahun, D., & Wu, J. (2023). Analysis of Heat Exposure During Pregnancy and Severe Maternal Morbidity. JAMA Network Open, 6(9), e2332780. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.32780
Sheridan, P., Chen, C., Thompson, C. A., & Benmarhnia, T. (2023). Immortal Time Bias With Time-Varying Exposures in Environmental Epidemiology: A Case Study in Lung Cancer Survival. American Journal of Epidemiology, kwad135. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwad135
Ascencio, E. J., Barja, A., Benmarhnia, T., & Carrasco-Escobar, G. (2023). Disproportionate exposure to surface-urban heat islands across vulnerable populations in Lima city, Peru. Environmental Research Letters, 18(7), 074001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acdca9
Schwarz, E., Schwarz, L., Teyton, A., Crist, K., & Benmarhnia, T. (2023). The role of the California tier system in controlling population mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 905. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15858-7
Nianogo, R. A., Benmarhnia, T., & O’Neill, S. (2023). A comparison of quasi-experimental methods with data before and after an intervention: an introduction for epidemiologists and a simulation study. International Journal of Epidemiology, dyad032. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyad032
Velásquez, E. E., Benmarhnia, T., Casey, J. A., Aguilera, R., & Kiang, M. V. (2023). Quantifying Exposure to Wildfire Smoke Among Schoolchildren in California, 2006 to 2021. JAMA Network Open, 6(4), e235863. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.5863
Koemel, N. A., Senior, A. M., Benmarhnia, T., Holmes, A., Okada, M., Oulhote, Y., Parker, H. M., Shah, S., Simpson, S. J., Raubenheimer, D., Gill, T. P., Laouali, N., & Skilton, M. R. (2023). Diet Quality, Microbial Lignan Metabolites, and Cardiometabolic Health among US Adults. Nutrients, 15(6), 1412. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061412
Teyton, A., Baer, R. J., Benmarhnia, T., & Bandoli, G. (2023). Exposure to Air Pollution and Emergency Department Visits During the First Year of Life Among Preterm and Full-term Infants. JAMA Network Open, 6(2), e230262. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.0262
Epstein, A., Harris, O. O., Benmarhnia, T., Camlin, C. S., & Weiser, S. D. (2023). Do precipitation anomalies influence short-term mobility in sub-saharan Africa? An observational study from 23 countries. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 377. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15264-z
Alari, A., Chen, C., Schwarz, L., Hdansen, K., Chaix, B., & Benmarhnia, T. (2023). The Role of Ozone as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Heat Waves and Mortality in 15 French Urban Areas. American Journal of Epidemiology, kwad032. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwad032
Laouali, N., Benmarhnia, T., Lanphear, B. P., & Oulhote, Y. (2023). Associations with Blood Lead and Urinary Cadmium Concentrations in Relation to Mortality in the US Population: A Causal Survival Analysis with G-Computation. Toxics, 11(2), 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020133
Dimitrova, A., Carrasco-Escobar, G., Richardson, R., & Benmarhnia, T. (2023). Essential childhood immunization in 43 low- and middle-income countries: Analysis of spatial trends and socioeconomic inequalities in vaccine coverage. PLOS Medicine, 20(1), e1004166. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004166
Dimitrova, A., Gershunov, A., Levy, M. C., & Benmarhnia, T. (2023). Uncovering social and environmental factors that increase the burden of climate-sensitive diarrheal infections on children. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(3), e2119409120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2119409120
Wagner, V., Pascal, M., Corso, M., Alari, A., Benmarhnia, T., & Le Tertre, A. (2023). On the supra-linearity of the relationship between air pollution, mortality and hospital admission in 18 French cities. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-022-01948-3
Ante-Testard, P. A., Carrasco-Escobar, G., Benmarhnia, T., Temime, L., & Jean, K. (2023). Investigating inequalities in HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: spatial analysis of cross-sectional population-based surveys in 25 countries. BMJ Open, 13(12), e072403. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072403
Chen, A. I., Ebisu, K., Benmarhnia, T., & Basu, R. (2023). Emergency department visits associated with wildfire smoke events in California, 2016–2019. Environmental Research, 238, 117154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.117154
Wulayin, M., Zhu, Z., Wang, H., Chen, X., Zhang, X., Benmarhnia, T., Luo, J., Liang, Q., Chen, W., Lin, H., Liu, Y., Shi, C., Xu, R., Huang, C., & Wang, Q. (2023). The mediation of the placenta on the association between maternal ambient temperature exposure and birth weight. Science of The Total Environment, 901, 165912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165912
Darling, R., Hansen, K., Aguilera, R., Basu, R., Benmarhnia, T., & Letellier, N. (2023). The Burden of Wildfire Smoke on Respiratory Health in California at the Zip Code Level: Uncovering the Disproportionate Impacts of Differential Fine Particle Composition. GeoHealth, 7(10), e2023GH000884. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GH000884
Letellier, N., Yang, J.-A., Cavaillès, C., Casey, J. A., Carrasco-Escobar, G., Zamora, S., Jankowska, M. M., & Benmarhnia, T. (2023). Aircraft and road traffic noise, insulin resistance, and diabetes: The role of neighborhood socioeconomic status in San Diego County. Environmental Pollution, 335, 122277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122277
McBrien, H., Rowland, S. T., Benmarhnia, T., Tartof, S. Y., Steiger, B., & Casey, J. A. (2023). Wildfire Exposure and Health Care Use Among People Who Use Durable Medical Equipment in Southern California. Epidemiology, 34(5), 700–711. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001634
Alari, A., Letellier, N., & Benmarhnia, T. (2023). Effect of different heat wave timing on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in France. Science of The Total Environment, 892, 164543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164543
Garber, M. D., Guidi, M., Bousselot, J., Benmarhnia, T., Dean, D., & Rojas-Rueda, D. (2023). Impact of native-plants policy scenarios on premature mortality in Denver: A quantitative health impact assessment. Environment International, 178, 108050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108050
Molitor, J., Sun, Y., Rubio, V. G., Benmarhnia, T., Chen, J.-C., Avila, C., Sacks, D. A., Chiu, V., Slezak, J., Getahun, D., & Wu, J. (2023). Modeling spatially varying compliance effects of PM2.5 exposure reductions on gestational diabetes mellitus in southern California: Results from electronic health record data of a large pregnancy cohort. Environmental Research, 231, 116091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116091
Buteau, S., Yankoty, L. I., Letellier, N., Benmarhnia, T., Gamache, P., Plante, C., Goudreau, S., Blais, C., Perron, S., Fournier, M., Ragettli, M. S., & Smargiassi, A. (2023). Associations between environmental noise and myocardial infarction and stroke: Investigating the potential mediating effects of hypertension. Environmental Research, 231, 116092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116092
Jiao, A., Sun, Y., Avila, C., Chiu, V., Molitor, J., Slezak, J., Sacks, D. A., Chen, J.-C., Benmarhnia, T., Getahun, D., & Wu, J. (2023). Maternal exposure to ambient air pollution mixture and premature rupture of membranes: Evidence from a large cohort in Southern California (2008–2018). Environment International, 177, 108030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108030